A close intimacy was always kept up between the Nonjurors of England and the Episcopalians of Scot- land, and they were mixed up with the Jacobite party to a dangerous extent, some of them even suffering for high-treason in 171G and 1745. Not a few of them went over to the Roman Catholics; and when an act was passed against recusants, the Nonjurors were in- cluded. The strong desire for catholic reunion which thus impelled them to seek it somewhere, although their political feelings would not permit them to seek it in the Church of England, also led to an attempt « in 1716 to bring about " a concordat between the or- thodox and catholic remnant of the British churches and the catholic and apostolic Oriental Church." The full particulars of this have been printed in Williams's Orthodox Church of the East in the Ylth Century, p. xxx-xxxiv ; but the correspondence on the subject fell through in 1725. The Episcopalian Nonjurors in Scot- land ceased to be such after the death of prince Charles
NONNA
no
NON-RESIDENCE
in 1788, and in 1702 they were relieved from various penalties and restrictions. Presb3-terian Nonjurors, too, there were and are in Scotland ; but these Scottish Epis- copalians, perhaps, are called Nonjurors improper!}' any longcr, for their ground of difference from the Estab- lishment is more on account of ecclesiastical than polit- ical principles. See Bickersteth, Christ. Sludeiit, p. 298 ; Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, ii, 183; Lathbury, Hist, of the Nonjurors ; Stephen, Hist, of the Church of Scot- land, iii, 546-549; iv, 129, 143, 167, 168; Perry, Church Hist, of Ewjland (see Index in vol. iii) ; Palin, Hist, of the Church <f Emjlaml, 1688-1717, ch. iv, and Appendix ; Littell's Liriug Age, Nov. 1, 1845, art. iv; Blunt, Diet, of Theology, s. v. See also Scotland, Chuijches in ; Rkformeu Presbyterian.
Noiina. This word is regarded by some as equiv- alent to matrona, a matron, and sanctci vidua, a holy widow ; but by others is considered to be the Greek vo- viQ, Virgo, a virgin. Tliese nonnm were also denoted sanctimoniules, virgines Dei et Christi, ancillm Dei, soro- res ecclesice. Before the regular and systematic estab- lishment of monastic institutions, we find the spirit of asceticism and monkerj' in the Church: virgins were set apart by solemn ceremonies, were required to devote themselves to a single life, were veiled, had their names entered in the Church-registers, were called canonical, and often had their maintenance from the Church. They are to be distinguished from the order of deacon- esses (q. v.). As early as the 5th century this office ceased. Afterwards many offices of charity which the deaconesses had been accustomed to perform for the sick and poor were discharged by the sisters of the Church. See Nun ; Sisterhoods.
Nonnotte, Claude FkanIjOis, a noted French Jes- uit, was born at Besan(;on in 1711, and died in 1793. He wrote much, but is celebrated as the author of Les Ei-reurs de Voltaire (Paris, 1763, 2 vols. 12mo). It is a work of unusual merit, and elicited several bitter rejoin- ders from the great Frencli infidel philosopher.
Nonnus (Xori'ot), a Greek poet, flourished at Pa- nopolis, in Egypt, near the beginning of the 5th centurj- of the Christian ?era. We liave no particulars respect- ing his life, except that he became a Christian when he was advanced in age. He was the author of two works in Greek, which have come down to us, the Aio- vvainKa and a paraphrase in verse of the Gospel of John. The former work gives an account of tlie adventures of Dionj-sus from the time of his birth to his return from bis expedition into India ; and the early books also con- tain, by way of introduction, the history of Europa and Cadmus, the battle of the giants, and numerous other mythological stories. This work, wliich contains thirty- eight books, and is written in hexameter verse, has been condemned by Daniel Heinsius, Joseph Scaliger, and other critics, for its inflated style, and has been pro- nounced to be unworthy of perusal; but it must be ad- mitted that it contains passages of considerable beauty, and supplies us with information on many mythological subjects which we should not be able to obtain else- where. It appears probable tliat this work was written before Nonnus became a Christian. The best edition of the Diom/siaca is that of Griife (Leips. 1819-26, 2 vols. 8vo). D. Heinsius wrote a dissertation on this au- thor, which was published at Leyden in 1610, with the text of the Dionysiaca. Six books of this jioem, from the eighth to the thirteenth inclusive, were published by Jloser, with a jirefaee by Crcuzcr (Heidelberg, 1809). A French translation of the Dionysiaca was published at Paris in 1625. The I'araphrase of St. John, which is a poor performance, and has been very unfavorably criticised by Heinsius in his .4 ristarchus Sacer (Lej-- den, 1627), was published for the first time at Venice in 1501. It is entitled MtrajioXi) roij Kara 'Iwdinnjv ayiov ivayytKiov. The licst eilition of it is by Passow (Leips. 1834). This work, however, is of some value, as it contains a few important readings, which have
been of considerable use to the editors of the Greek Tes- tament. It omits the history of the woman taken in adultery, which we have at the beginning of the eiglrth chapter of John's gospel, and which is considered by (iricsbach and many other critics to be an interpolation. In xix, 14 Nonnus ajipears to have read "about the third hour," instead of "about the sixth'' (see Griesbach on that passage). There is also a Collection of Histo- ries or Fables, which are cited by (iregory Nazianzcn in his work against Julian, and which are ascribed by some critics to the author of the Dionysiaca. But Bentley, in his Dissertations on Phalaris, has given good reasons for believing that the collection was com- posed by another individual of the same name. There were several other writers of the name of Nonnus, of whom an account is given in Fabricius, Libl. Grceca, viii, 601, 602, ed. Harles. See Ouwaroff, Nonus de Pa- nopolis (1817, 4to); Hoefer, Xouv.Hiog. Gener. xxxviii, 228 ; Penny Cyclop, s. v. ; Engl. Cyclop, s. v. (J. N. P.)