Nordin, Karl Gustaf, a modern Swedish prelate, was born at Stockholm in 1749, and was educated at Up- sala. After taking holy orders he rapidly rose to places of distinction, and was finally made bishop of Hernosand. He died in 1812.
Nordlingen, Hkinricii of, a celebrated mystic of the Middle Ages, flourished towards the close of the 14th century. He was a Dominican; but when brought in contact with Taulcr at Strasburg he became a most faithful adherent of that mystic teacher. When Tauler was attacked, because he would not (juit the Alsatian capital while the ravages of the black death continued, Nordlingen defended him, and took occasion to express his joy over the great work which the Lord wrought through him in the hearts of men in the midst of wretch- edness, and remarked that he would prefer to die by the black vomit rather than to do anything against the Lord (comp. Heumanni opuscula. [Norimb. i747], p. 393). Nordlingen thereafter experienced persecution from the power of the emperor. He writes, " I have been before the princes of this world, who treat me so that I have no longer any safe residence in this country" (ibid, p.
881). He remained, however, a steadfast follower of Tauler. At Nuremberg, where he visited, he was re- garded as a leader of the Friends of God (q. v.). (J. H.W.)
Wordmann, Leon, a Jewish-French scholar of some prominence, was born at Hegenheim, Alsace, about 1835. In consequence of the revolution in 1848, his parents emigrated to Germany and settled in Bava- ria, where Leon visited the high school. He continued his studies at the lyceum in Strasburg, where he also cultivated his Talmudical studies under the direction of rabbi Moses Uttenheim. He then visited the rabbinical school of Metz, where he graduated with the honors of a rabbi ; subsequently he attended several courses of lectures at Paris. He felt a special attachment for the late Prof. Munk, and became one of his best-beloved pupils. He received several calls as minister, which he declined, because he did not wish to leave the intellec- tual centre at Paris. At the foundation of the " Alliance Israelite Universelle," he was elected its secretary, an occupation congenial to his taste. Later he resigned that position, and officiated in several schools as a relig- ious teacher. In 1870 he published his book, Textes classiques, which deals with several important Hebrew passages of Scripture. He died at Paris in July, 1872. His untimely death was caused by the privations inci- dent to the late Franco-Prussian war. His family he had sent out of the country during that time of trial. He was kind, genial, and affectionate, ever active in the relief of distress and in giving assistance to the poor, and in sympathy with all movements undertaken in the cause of humanitv and progress. — Jewish Times (N. Y. Aug. 9, 1872). (J.H.W.)
Nores, Giasone di, a noted Italian metaphysician, was born at Nicosia, in the island of Cyprus, and flour- ished as professor of moral philosophy at the Uiuversity of Padua, where he had been educated. He died in 1590. He was the author of several critical and philo- sophical works.
Norham, Council at, was convened by Roger, archbishop of York and papal legate, in 1154, to deter- mine the relation of the Scottish ecclesiastics to the English archiepiscopal see over which Roger presided. It will be remembered that when pope Gregory divided the whole British island into two ecclesiastical prov- inces, he confided to the archbishop of York all the dio- ceses north of the Trent and the Himiber, and that there were no episcopal sees in the country now called Scot- land, if we except Galloway and Glasgow, and both of these were uniformlv admitted to belong to the province of York, as being part of the Cumbrian or ancient Brit- ish Church. B\' the middle of the 12th century, how- ever, the Scottish Church had so largely developed that its ecclesiastics sought independence from the English metropolitan ; and the Council of Norham was con- vened to determine, if possible, the question of York's supremacy over the Scotch dioceses. The council fail- ing to agree, the case was carried to Rome and settled by a formal bull, which declared the Church of Scotland exempt from all jurisdiction but that of the apostolic see itself. The bishopric of Glasgow, the most impor- tant of all Scotland, was also filled bj^ the pope about this time. See Russell, Hist, of the Ch. in Scotland, i, 107 sq. See also Scotlant). (J. H. W.)
Noris, Enrico, a distinguished Italian prelate, noted as a theologian and archiieologist, was born of English parentage at Verona Aug. 29, 1G31. He studied philos- ophy and theology with the Jesuits at Rimini. The reading of the works of St. Augustine so influenced his mind that he was led to join the Augustines at Rimini. His zeal and learning soon attracted the attention of his superiors, and he was called by the general to Rome, where every facility was afforded him to continue his studies. He became professor successively at Pesaro, Perugia, and Padua. He was now attacked by the Jes- uits as inclining to Jansenism, but the grand-duke of
NORITIOLI
1V4 NORMAN ARCHITECTURE
Tuscany chose him for his theologian, and appointed him professor of theology in the University of Pisa. The queen of Sweden appointed him also member of the academy she had just founded at Rome, Innocent XII made him librarian of the Vatican, and created him cardinal iu 1695. This high position did not shelter him from the accusations of the Jesuits, which contin- ued even after his death, Feb. 23, 170-1, but they never succeeded in making him lose the confidence and friend- ship of the pope. Noris wrote Historia Peluyiana, et dissert (itio de synodo v cecumenica, etc. (Padua, 1673, fol. ; Leips. 1G77, fol. ; new cd., with the addition of five historical cUssertations, Louvain, 1702, fol.). Macedo and Hardouin attacked with great violence this work, ■which, by defending the doctrine of Augustine con- cerning grace, could be considered as favorable to Jan- senism. Noris answered ; but, although his answer was approved by the court of Rome, his work was placed in the Index in 1747 by the Spanish Inquisition, and kept in it for ten years, in spite of the representations of pope Benedict XIV: — Dissertatio duplex de duohus nmnmis Diocletiani et Licinii, cum auctuario chronologico de vo- tis, etc. (Padua, 1G75, 4to) : — Cenotaphia Pisana Caii et Lucii C(esarum dissertationihus illustt-ata (Venice, 1681, fol. ; and in Burmann, Thesaurus antiq. Ital. vol. viii) : — Epistola considaris, in qua collegia Ixx consulum, etc. (Bologna, 1683, 4to) : — A mius et Epochm Cyro-mucedo- num, etc. (Florence, 1689, 4to; 2d ed. 1692, fol.; aug- mented by the two following, which were first pub- lished in 1691) : — De Puschali Latinorum cyclo annonim Ixxxiv : — De Cyclo paschali Ravermate annorum xcv. The complete works of Noris were published by MafiFei, Peter, and .Jerome Ballerini (Verona, 1729-41, 5 vols. 8vo). The fourth volume contains a history of the Do- natists, which Noris had left unpublished. See Bian- chini, Vite degli A rcadi, vol. i ; Ballerini, Vie de Noris, in the above-mentioned complete edition, vol. iv ; Nice- ron, Mem. vol. iii ; Chaufepie, Diet. ; Fabroni, Vitce lia- lorum, vol. vi. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 260 ; ^ligne, Xouv. Encycl. Theologique, iii, 116. (J. N. P.)