OAHU
251
OAK
ths Holy Spirit proceedcth from the Son as well as from the Father. The Greeks did not accuse the Latins of error in doctrine, and the legates therefore maintained that i*: was lawful for the Latin Church to confess with the mouth what it was lawful for her to believe. The erjperor, in order to effect a union, pro- posed that each party should give way on one point — that the Greeks should approve the Latin use of incon- secratc, and that the Latins should expunge from the creed the words " filio que," which gave offence to the Greeks. This, however, the legates refused to do. '• If you ask us," said they to the emperor, " how peace is to be made, we will answer you in a few words : con- cerning the body of Christ, we declare that you must firmly believe, and moreover preach, that it may be consecrated either in leavened or unleavened bread ;
and we require that all the books written on your part against this faith shall be condemned and burned. Con- cerning the Holy Spirit, we declare that you must be- lieve that the Holy Spirit proceedeth from the Son as well as from the Father, and that you must preach this faith to the people. We do not say that the pope will compel you to chant these words in the creed, if you ob- ject to do so, but all books written against this doctrine must be burned." When the emperor heard these words, he answered angrily that he had expected to receive from them some propositions more likely to lead to peace, but he would repeat what they had said to the Greek bishops. The latter were moved with great in- dignation at the proposal, and all further negotiations upon the subject were broken off. See Labbe, Cunc. xi, 460 ; Landon, Manual of Councils, s. v.
0.
OaluT, one of the principal of the Hawaiian or Sand- wich Islands group, is situated in 158^ W. long, and be- tween 21° and 22° N. lat., with a population in 1872 of 20,G71,of whom 3129 were foreigners. It is twenty-five miles W.N.W. of Molokai, the most romantic and fertile of the whole group, and its port is the best in the islands. Honolulu, on the south side of Oahu, is the residence of the king and seat of government. Oahu is about forty- eight miles long and twenty-three miles wide. It is of volcanic formation and mountainous, but the highest peaks are clothed with vegetation. There are two distinct ranges of mountains, the windward and the leeward, called respectively the Konahuinui and the Waianae ranges. They exhibit few craters in perfect condition, but there are groups of tufa cones along the shore. The American Board have seven stations on this island. See Sandwich Islands.
Oak is the rendering in the A. V. of four Hebrew words (b'^X [in the plural, however, only so render- ed, C^'^X], nbs, n^Nl, and 'jiSX), but is usually thought to be the meaning also of two others ("p'^N and "I'lb'^X) ; which are all from the same or cognate roots (b^X, ^■'ISI, or ?5X), significant of strenrjth. We take the following account in part from the dictionaries of Kitto and Smith. For the various opinions upon the meaning of these kindred terms, see Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 47, 51, 103 ; and Stanlej-, tiinai and Ptil. p. 519. See
TliliE.
1. Eijl (b^S, Sept.Yat, -ep'f(iii'5ioQ\ Alex. rspt/jivBo^; Aq., Sym., Theod., Spvc ; Vulg. cavijiesiria) occurs only in the singular number in Gen. xiv, 6 (" El-paran"). It is uncertain whether el should be joined with Paran to form a proper name, or whether it is to be taken sepa- rately, as the " terebinth," or the " oak," or the " grove" of Paran. Onkclos and Saadlas follow the Vulg., whence the " plain" of the A. V. (margin) (see Stanley, Sinai and Pal. p. 519, 520, App.). Koscnmliller (Schol. ad 1. c.) follows Jarchi {Comment, in Pent, ad Gen. xiv, G), and is for retaining the proper name. Two plurals and one collective form of el occur : eijlim, ei/luth, and eyldth. Elim, the second station where the Israelites halted after they had crossed the Red Sea, in all probability derived its name from the seventy palm-trees there ; the name el, which more particularly signifies an oak, being here put for any grove or plantation. Similarly the other double form, Eloth or Elath, may refer, as Stanley {Si- nai and Pal. p. 20) conjectures, to the palm-grove at Akaba. The plural eijUm occurs in Isa. i, 29, where probablj'- "oaks" are intended; in Isa. Ixi, 3, and Ezra xxxi, 14, any strong, flourishing trees may be denoted. See Elim.
2. Eldh (n^X, Sept. Tip'rjiivSior, Spvt:, 'H\ci, SivSpov [^SivSpov tyvrTKia^ot', Symm.] ; 7r\«r«rot' in IIos. iv, 13 [t^fj/Opov aiKTKioi'^; Vulg. terebiulhus, quercus ; A. V.
"oak," "elah," " teil-tree" in Isa. vi, 13; "elms" in Hos. iv, 13). See Elah.
3. Eylm ("|1P"iX; Sept. »'/ dpvg i) v^i]\i], »'/ (idXavoc, 'HXwj/ ; Vulg. convallis illustris, quercus) occurs fre- quenth' in the O. T., and denotes, there can be little doubt, some kind of oak. The A. V., following the Targum, translates eylCm by " plain." See Plain.
4. Ildn (Chald. 'p'^X ; Sept. SivSpov ; Vulg. arbor) is found only in Dan. iv as the tree which Nebuchad- nezzar saw in his dream. The word appears to be used for any " strong tree," the oak having the best claim to the title, to which tree probably indirect allusion may be made.