Oderico, Canonico, an Italian priest, noted as a painter, flourished at Siena in 1213. There is a manu- script book, entitled Ordo ojjxciuruni Henensis Ecclesiee, preserved in the library of the Academy at Florence, written on parchtnent and dated 1213, in which the in- itial letters are illuminated with little histories, orna- ments of animals, etc., by this old painter. There are also other similar books, illustrated on the borders of the parchments by him, preserved at Siena. They are esteemed valuable not only on account of their antiqui- ty, but as showing the state of the arts at that period. See Spooner, Biog. /list, of (he Fine Arfs, ii, G25.
Odescalclii, Benedetto. See Innocent XI.
Odescalchi, Marc Antonio, an Italian of high rank, who devoted his time and fortune to acts of phi- lanthropy. He was cousin to pope Innocent XI, who oifered him many high dignities in the Church. Ob- serving that though Home contained several hospitals for the relief of the poor of different nations, there were many strangers who could lind no asylum in any of them, but were obliged to take shelter in the porches of churches, the porticoes of palaces, or the ancient ru- ins of the city, he converted his house into a hospital for the reception of these outcasts, without distinction. Here he fitted up 1000 beds, and employed a number of tailors constantly in making clothes for the objects of his bounty. If in his rides he chanced to observe a for- lorn wanderer, he would stop, take him into his car- riage, and convey him to his mansion. At his death in 1670, he left all his property to the support of the hos- pital.— Appleton, Biof/r. Diet. s. v.
Odescalchi, Thomas, another member of the same family, who was almoner to pope Innocent XI. In imitation of the preceding, he gave himself up to works of charity. Perceiving that in the hospital of
St. Gale there were a number of children destitute of education, he conceived the idea of erecting an asylum for their reception ; which he carried into execution, be- ginning with thirty-eight children, who were instructed and brought up to industry. The number soon increased, through the liberality of pope Innocent, to seventy ; and in 1686 Thomas Odescalchi laid the foundation of "a large hospital for the education and employment of poor chil- dren in weaving cloth. This pious prelate died in 1692, and left considerable funds for the support of his institu- tion, to whicli he gave the name of St. Michael de Itipe- grande. — Appleton, Biog. Diet. s. v.
Odians. See Audians.
Odilia, St., the patron saint of Alsace, and especially of Strasburg, and protector of all who suffer ^vith dis- eases of the eye, born about A.U. 650, was the daughter of Etliicot, or Atticli, duke of Alsace. Being born blind, and disappointing her father, who expected a male heir, she was tiu'ned out of doors. Odilia was first committed to the care of a nurse, and afterwards placed in the mon- astery of Palma (Beaiime les A''on7ies, near Besant^'on) for her education. Here she received her sight, and be- came very much attached to monastic life. One day one of her brothers, Hugo, came to the monasterv -with- out the knowledge of his father, and induced her to re- turn home again, which she did. When her father be- held her approach the castle, and was told that his son was the cause of her return, he became so exasper- ated at this that he treated his son in the most cruel manner, resulting in his death. The duke, repenting of his deed, now bestowed all his care upon his hitherto neglected daughter, and gave her all his wealth. She built a convent at Ilohenburg (q. v.), of which she was the first abbess, and there she gathered about her 130 nuns. For forty years Odilia labored in works of char- it}', and died Dec. 13, 720. That day is observed by the Komish Church in her honor. See Piper, Evange- li.iches Kalender-Jahrbuch, 1853, p. 69 sq. ; Theologisches Universal-Lexikon, s. v.; Miss Clemens, Handbook of Legendary and Mythological A rt (N. Y. 1872), p. 244 sq. ; IMabillon, .4 eta Sanctorum Bened. iii, 2, 496 ; Rettberg, Kirchengesch. Deutschlands, ii, 76 sq. (B. P.)
Odilo DE ]\rEi!CCEUR, Saint, fifth abbot of Clugny, noted as an ante-reformer, was born in Auvergne in 962. Tradition relates that he was brought up in the church of St. Jidian at Brionde, and that St. Maieul, passing through that town, induced him to become a moidc. However that may be, after he had entered the convent of Clugny, St. Ma'ieul having resigned his charge, Odilo was appointed his successor. Sigebert, Alberic de Trois- Fontaines, and the authors of the Histoire litieraire, state that he became a monk only in 991. But the authors of the Gallia Christiana quote documents showing that he was already abbot of Clugny in 990. In 1027 Odilo was present at Rheims at the coronation of Henry, son of king Robert. In 1032 his rejiutation had become so great that pope John XIX ap])ointed him archbishop of Lyons, and sent him the pallium and ring. The regular clergy at the time had a very high opinion of the ser- vices they rendered to the Church, and great contempt for the secular clergy. Odilo therefore declined, according to Raoul Glaber, to accept the appointment. Labbe, in his Concil. p. 858, quotes a letter of John XIX to the abbot of Clugny, which mildly reproves Odilo for this refusal. Odilo was highlv esteemed bv popes Sylves- ter II, Benedict YI II, Benedict IX, John XYIII," John XIX, and Clement II, and enjoyed the especial consid- eration of pope Gregory YI, and stood at the head of the German Reform party. He first introduced the I'es- tival of All-souls' day, and gave the real impetus to the so-called treuga Dei (truce of God). Under his admin- istration the abbey of Clugny rose to great prosperity and renown. It is said that three bishops — Sanchez of Pampeluna, Gautier of Macon, and Letbald, see un- known— left their churches, and came to Clugny to live under the direction of Odilo; and that tlie emperors