Odo, Clkmknt (sometimes called Coutier), a noted ecclesiastic who fiourishcd in France, was born in Eng- land about the close of the 12th century. He joined the Benedictines, and had already acquired great" repu- tation when at the death of Peter d'Anteuil he was ap- pointed abbot of St. Denis, Feb. 10, 1229. He was con- secrated on the same day by cardinal Koniain, the papal legate in France, and received the investiture from king Louis. One of Odo's first undertakings was the resto- ration of the apsis and choir of the church of St. Denis, which the monks, claiming that their church was con- secrated by God himself, allowed to fall in ruins rather than have it consecrated again. Odo seems to have been as liberal as strong-minded. One of his decrees commands that five hundred poor should every day re- ceive a portion of bread at the expense of the convent, and that moreover a like distribution should be made to a thousand poor on All-saints' day, on the anniversary of his death, and on the anniversary of the funeral of abbot Peter. He was a man of great activity and in- fluence. In 1244 St. Louis chose him as godfather for his son. Made archbishop of Rouen in March, 1245, Odo took part in the satne year in the coimcil assembled at Lyons. Matthew Paris accuses him of simony, pride, and ambition, but on what grounds does not appear. Odo died May 5, 1247. See Matthew Paris, Hist. maj. Ilenrici III, ann. 1247 ; Gallia Christ, vol. vii, col. 387 ; vol. xi, col. 61 ; Hist, litter, de la France, xviii, 527, — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 498.
Odo, St., second abbot of Clugny, illustrious for his learning and piety, is supposed to have been born about 879. His father, Abbon, one of the most power- ful lords at the court of William the Strong, duke of Aquitaine, consecrated him to the Church before his birth by a solemn vow. Odo was educated in the con- vent of St. Martin of Tour, under St. Odalric. He afterwards completed his studies at Paris, returned to St. Martin, and not finding the rule sufficiently strict, he entered the Cistercian convent of Baume, in Bur- gundy, under Bernon, who governed at the same time the other houses of the order. Clugny, Massai, and Bourg- deols. After Bernon 's death Odo was elected to suc- ceed him as abbot of Clugny and of Bourgdeols. He proved a wise and energetic administrator, and under his rule the order made rapid progress, both in wealth and in reputation. The school of Clugny became the most renowned throughout Gaul. Odo himself w^as intrusted with the reform of a large nimiber of con- vents. The popes called him to Italy for the purpose of restoring peace between princes, and kings employed him in the most important diplomatic transactions, re- lying always on his great sagacity and honorable con- duct for a successfid disposal of their anno3'ances. Ou his return from one of his journeys to Rome, he died in the convent of St. Julian at Tours, Nov. 18, 943. Odo deserves to be remembered especially as a reformer of the monastic institutions. " He was a man deeply pene- trated with the consciousness of the corruption of the Church among the clergy, monks, and laitj'; a man full of zeal for the renovation of the Christian life, while at the same time he was very far from placing the essence of Christian perfection in a rigid practice of asceticism, though he endeavored to oppose the se- verity of monasticism to the secularized life of the clergy and monks of his time, and to awaken an enthusiasm in its favor. As contrasted with the prevailing cor- ruption, the example of his pious zeal and of his integ- rity of life was so much the more powerful, and he ac- quired great authority." Odo left numerous works,
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amonj? wliich we notice ExcerpHo S. Ochnis in lifornli- bus Job (I'aris, 1C17, 8vo; reprinted in the Bill. Pair. [Lyons], vol. xvii) ; twelve anthems on St. jNfartin, pub- lished in the Bibl. Cluniacensh and in the Bibl, Patr. ; three hymns in the Bibl. Cluuitic, besides a poem on the Lord's Supper, and another hymn in JMabillon's Annaks. iii, 712. The best-known of Odo's hymns is that for St. 3Iar\' jMaf^dalene's day {Hymmis de Sancta Maria Maf/daleiui), " Lauda, mater ecclesia" (Hngl. transl. by Neale: "Exalt, O mother Church, to-day," by Cham- bers, in the People's Hymnal: "O Church, our mother, speak liis praise ;" Germ, transl. by Konibach, Kijnigs- feld, Simrock). A dialogue on music, entitled Enchi- ridion, of which there are several MSS. extant, and published in ]\Lirtin (icrbert's Scrip/ores cedes, de musi- ca, has been ascribed to this Odo, but is by another, as is acknowledged by Gerbert himself. Still it appears proved that this Odo wrote on music; and Martin Ger- bert published under his name, from a MS. in Monte Cassino, a treatise entitled Tonora per ordinem, cum suis dijf'erenliis (in his iScript. eccl. de viusica, i, 247). The fiibl. Cluniac. gives, under his name, a life of St. Gerauld, count of Aurillac, which was repeatedly trans- lated into French, and is full of interpolations. The authentic life of St. Gerauld, by Odo of Clugny, is found among the MSS. of the Imperial Library, Fonds da Roi, Nos. 5301, 3783, and 3809; but the much more exten- sive text in the Bibl. Cluniac. is spurious, as is also the De Reversione B. Martini a Buryundia Tractaius. Among the works attributed to Odo, but whose author- ship is doubtiid, we find a life of St. (iregory of Tours, often reprinted under his name, as in Thierry Kuinart's edition of the Historia Francoruni ; the Miracula S. Mauri, attributed to him by Baronius, but written bj' Odo. abbot of Glanfeiul; an exposition of the canon of the mass, written by Odo of Cambrai; and a treatise entitled Qnod B. Marfinus par dicitur apostolic, at- tributed to Odo by jNIarrier, and to Adam of Fersoigne by Martene. The most important of Odo's works was published under the title of Collationes in the Bibl. Cluniac. In the catalogues and in MSS. that work is also entitled Occujiutiones, Tractatus de sacerdotio, De virtutibis vitiisque aninue, De perrersitate ])rai'orum, De biijns rit(P qualitatc, De institutione. dicina, De con- templii.mniidi, lAher ad adijicationeni sanctce Dei Ecclesi(e, In llieremiam Prophetam, etc. Among some sermons given under the name of Odo of Clugny in Jlarrier, Bibl. Cluniac, and in Martene, Thes. Anect. v, 617, the tirst is by pope St. Leon, and is given in the edition of the latter's works by P. Quesnel, p. 52. See Joannes Tri- themius, De riris illustr. lib. ii ; Hist. Utter, de la France, vol. vi ; Veternm testimonia de Odone (Bibl. Cluniac. p. 00) ; Vita S. Odonis a Joanne, monacho (id.); Mabillon, Acta SS. ord. S. Bened. ssbc. v; B. llaureau, IHst. litter, du Maine, i, 133; id. Singu- larites hist, et litter, p. 129-179 ; Vies des SS. de la Franche-Comfe ; Hoefer, A^ouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 487 ; Biihr, Cesch. der rumischen Literatur ini Karol. Zeitalter, p. .>88 ; Baxmann, Politik der Papste, vol. ii ; Gieseler, Eccles. Hist, ii, 175; Neander, Ch. Hist, iii, 417, 444 sq. ; Schrcickh, Kirchengesch. xxiii, 25 sq. ; Miller, Singers and Songs of the Ch. p. 21 ; Neale, Mediaval Hymns, p. 46 sq. ; Rombach, A nthol. christl. Gesdnge, i, 217 sq. ; Konigsfeld, Lat. Hymnen it. Gesdnge, i, xxxix, 98 sq.; ii, 146; Simrock, Lauda Sion (Stuttg. 1868), p. 232 s(i. ; Edinb. Rev. xxx, 348 ; xlii. 14. (J. H. W.)