Meghdret el-Mi'sd (Quar. Statement, April, 1874, p. 110). Lieut. Conder at first proposed a different local- ity as candidate for the honor of reiiresenting the cave in question, namely, J/o////«/-(i( I'm el-Tumaimiyeh (Cave of the iVIother of Two Twins), a remarkable cavern in the soutii side of the ridge bounded northerly by Wa<ly Dilbeh, near Tell Saphieh (Gath) (Quar. Statement, Jan. 1874, p. 18 sq.) ; but he admits that little if any trace of the ancient name remains ; and he afterwards abandoned the position in favor of the above location by Mr. Ganneau, which he defends with much ingenu- ity and confidence (ib. Jidy, 1875, p. 145-149). That the cave, however, was in the eastern face of the liills of Judah would seem rather probable, from the fact that at the times of David's adventures there (see especially 1 Sam. xxii, 3; 2 Sam. xxiii, 13) the Philistines had control of all the other side and centre. On the other hand, its situation in the Philistine territory seems to be indicated as opposed to Judah (1 Sam. xxii, 5 ; xxiii, 3). It was apparently located between Engedi and Je- rusalem (if we may so interpret '■ up" from the former, 1 Sam. xxiv, 22, and "down" from the latter, 2 Sam. V, 17). But in that case the cave was not in the vicin- ity of the town, as we should naturally suppose. See Adullajf.
Odolric OF SAiNT-^MAivnAt,, a French ecclesiastic, flourishetl in the first half of the 11th century. He commenced his studies in the monastery of Saint-Mar- tial at Limoges, and finished them at Fleuri-sur-Loire. On his return to Saint-!Martial he was elected by the monks, in 1025, successor of the abbe Ungues. Odol- ric died about 1040. To him is attributed the compila- tion of the acts of the council assembled in the city of Limoges in 1031 (Labbe, Concilia, ix, 870). The principal subject submitted to this council was to know if Saint- Martial had been one of the disciples of Jesus, sent by himself into Gaul. The question was decided in the aftirmative; but historical criticism has not adopted this decision. See Gallia Ch7-isti(ina, torn, ii, col. 558; IJis- toii-e litter, de la France, vii, 346. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 487.
Odonar'kes ('Ocio//?;pa v. r. 'Ocovappl/Q ; Vulg. Odares), the name of a chieftain, apparently in the vicinity of " Bethbasi, which is in the wilderness" east of Judiea, who was slain with his tribe by Jonathan Maccabanis (1 INIacc. ix, 06).
Odontius, Paul (originally Zahn, but chan.n:cd into Odontius in accordance with the fashion of tie time), a German divine of note, was born in 1570 at Werda, in the province of IMeissen. Of his parents or earliest childhood nothing is known. In March, 1575, he went to (iriitz, in Steiermark, and was received as an alumnus in the institute there, at the same time taking charge of the education of three young noblemen. For three years he remained in that position, preaching at the same time in the Stiftskirche, at Griitz, by the permission of the ecclesiastical authority. One day the countess Hyp- polita of Windischgriitz attended Odontius's service, and was so deeply impressed with his sermon that she appointed him her court preacher at Waldstcin, near Griitz. In the year 1598 he entered upon his duties, and accompanied the countess to the castle of Trautmanns- dorff, in Austria, where she died. About this time the preaching of tlie Gospel in Steiermark was proscribed. The emperor Ferdinand, a nursling of the Jesuits, who had early taken a vow at Loretto liefore the picture of the Madonna to extirpate heresy in his dominions, is- sued his famous, or rather infamous edicts, dated Sept. 13, 23, and 28 of the year 1598, according to which all evangelical churches and schools at Griitz, and in the royal cities and market-places, w-ere to be closed; preach- ers and teachers, under penalty of death, were to leave the country within eight days. From 1599 to 1604 a re- ligious commission went through the country in order to convert the inhabitants to the Roman Catholic faith. Gallows were erected in the streets; the churches in the
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villages were destroyed, those in the cities and market- places were given over to the Komish clergy ; cemeteries were devastated ; evangelical books were burned ; the preachers expelled; the inhabitants had to swear al- legiance to the Koman Catholic Church and the gov- ernment; those who refused had to leave the country. Thus Steiermark lost thousands of her most industrious people. An imperial edict, dated August 1, 1G28, was directed against the Protestant nobility, according to which within a year they had to sell their possessions and leave the country. The best of the nobility left the co\nitry, while others remained ; and up to this day they belong to the Komish Church. Under those cir- cumstances Odontius thought that he would never again preach in his pulpit at Waldstein. But the tutors of the counts of Windischgriitz ordered him to come back, and take charge of his ministerial office as before. Finally an edict was issued for his dismission. All protests were in vain, and on April 20, 1G02, a body of soldiers appeared before Waldstein, made Odontius a prisoner, and brought him to Griitz. For ten weeks he was imprisoned there. When all means to convert him to tlie Komish Church were in vain, he was sentenced to be sent to the galleys. On the way he was fortu- nate enough to escape from his enemies, and after many perils reached his native place. In April, 1G03, Odon- tius was appointed pastor at Oederan, in Saxony, where he died, Dec. 7, 1605. He has left us a narrative of his imprisonment and deliverance, which was first pub- lished at Dresden in 1G03, and reprinted at Lubeck in 1714, with a preface by Dr. Giitze. See Piper, Evangel- ischer Kalender, 18G4, xv, 188 sq. ; Jticher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, supplemented by Kottermund, s. v. ; Willisch, Kirchenhistorie der Stadt Freyherg, ii, 480 sq. (B.P.)