ORPHIC MYSTERIES
458
ORSI
ture still remains Lobeck's Aglaophamus, p. 244. See Smith. Diet, of Class. Biog. and Mijthol. s. v. ; Menzel, ChristUche Symholik, ii, 174-575; Westrop, Handbook of A rchceoL p. 199 ; Martigny, Diet. Jes A ntiquites Chre- tiennes, s. v. Orphe'e.
Orphic Mysteries, a class of mystical ceremonies performed at a very early period in the history of Greece. The followers of Orpheus (q. v.) devoted themselves to the worship of Dionysus, not, however, by practicing the licentious rites which usually charac- terized the ])ionysia or Bacchanalia, but by the main- tenance of a pure and austere mode of life. These dev- otees were dressed in white linen garments, and partook of no animal food, except that which was taken from the ox offered in sacrifice to Dionysus. See Gardner, Faiths of the World, vol. ii, s. v.
Orphrey {Aunim Phrygiatum, gold of Phrygia), the name of an ornamental border of a cope or alb, be- cause it is an imitation of the famous Phrygian embroi- dery. England was famous for this work, and M. Paris relates that tlie pope, struck with its beauty, directed the Cistercian abbots to buy up all the specimens they could, saying, " England is our garden of pleasure and delight; its treasure is inexhaustible: where much is, then, thence much may be taken." His order was obeyed, and his choir was vested in copes thus ornamented. In some Englisli inventories the rich apparels (apparatus) of the alb for the neck and hands are called spatidaria and manicularia. See Walcott, Sac. Archceol. p. 417.
Orr, James M., a Presbyterian minister, was born near Fairhaven, Preble County, Ohio, March 31, 1838. He was educated at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio ; studied theology in the Alleghany Seminary, Pa. ; was licensed by the Ohio First Presbytery, April 1, 1862 ; and ordained by the Argyle Presbytery, March 10, 1864, as the pastor of East (Greenwich Church, N. Y. He died near Fairhaven, Ohio, April 18, 1865. _ INIr. Orr's minis- try was short, but lie gave evidence of being a most ac- ceptable and useful minister. His style of writing and his delivery were exceedingly chaste. See Wilson, Presb. Hist.' A Imanac, 1866, p. 278.
Orr, Robert, a Presbyterian minister, who flour- ished in tills country during the colonial period, was eithei* a native of Scotland or Ireland, probabh* of the latter country. He came to America in 1715, and ac- cepted in that year a call to ^Maidenhead and Hope- well, and thus became a member of the first American presbytery (organized in 1705 or 1706 at what is now supposed to be Freehold, N. J.). Orr died about the year 1725. See Gillett, Hist, of the Presb. Ch. i, 29, 34.
Orrente, Pedro, a Spanish painter, was born at Montealegre, in Murcia, in 1560. It is not known under whom he studied in his own country. Afterwards he went to Italy, and became the pupil of Giacomo da Ponte (Uassano), whose manner of coloring he adopted, though his own style of coloring and design was very different. Some autliors say that he was not a pupil of Bassano, and that he never went to Italy, suppnsing tliat he was a pupil of El (Jreco, and afterwards imitated the manner of Bassano, from seeing his work in Spain ; but Lanzi conclusively shows that he visited Italy, where he paint- ed some works which Conca pronounced superior to those of Bassano. On his return to Sjiain he was fa- vored with the protection of the duke of Olivarez, who employed liim to ))aint several pictures for the palace Bueno Ketiro. He ])aintcd many works for the churches and convents at Valencia, Cordova, and Toledo. His works are numerous, and are to be found in most of the principal cities of Spain, where they are held in higli estimation. In the cathedral at Tnk'clo is an admired picture l)y him representing Santa Leocadia coming out of the sei)ulchrc, and in the chapel of Los Ileyes Nuevos, in the same church, was a jiicture of the Xalir- ify, since removed to the royal collection at Madrid; it is a grand composition, admirably executed. In the
same church are some superb landscapes, and a picture of Orpheus charming the brute creation, one of his most celebrated works. He died at Toledo in 1644, and was interred in the same church as El Greco. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Fine A rts, s. v.
Or-Sarua, Isaac ben-^Ioses, of Vienna, by way of abbreviation also calledTX*' ~i, i. e. Ruhhi Isaac 0)'-Sa- rua, and by his contemporaries styled PllSn IJ'^31, i. c. "our great Master," while others called him rS1?3 "llin, i. e. " the wonder of the age," or lyi'lpH i;"^2"i, i. e. " our holy Master," is one of the greatest Talmudi- cal authorities of the 13th century. Or-Sarua witnessed the awful treatment of his coreligionists in France, who were obliged to wear some kind of mark on their clothes. He witnessed the persecutions against the Jews of Ger- many, which seem to have been the order of the day, and speaks of the horrible massacres that took place at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1241, where many suffered martyrdom. Or-Sarua attained to a great age, for he flourished about 1200-1270. To satisfy his thirst for learning, he undertook great journeys, in order to hear the greatest teacliers of the German and French acade- mies. He was probably before 1217 at Eegensburg, where he attended the lectures of the famous Ii. Jehuda the Pious, the author of the ethical work entitled O C'l'^Dn. About 1216-17 Or-Sarua was at Paris, where the Jewish academy was in a very flourishing condition under the presidency of the famous II. Jehuda ben-Isaac Sir Leon. Or-Sarua was one of the most prominent of Leon's pupils, in whose spirit he lived and labored. From France Or-Sarua returned to Germany, living and laboring at different places, especially at Vienna; hence he is called Isaac ben-Moses of Vienna. He is the au- thor of a great Talmudical work entitled J."l"iT ^1X, a ritual codex and commentary. He is also said to have written a commentary on the Pentateuch, which is still extant. The works of Or-Sarua were published for the first time at Scytomir (1862, 2 vols. fob). See De Kossi, Dizionario storico degli autori Ebrei, p. 332 (German transl. by Hamburger) ; Wolf, Bibl. Hebr. i, 654 sq ; iii, 561, No. 1167; Dr. H. Gross, R. Tsaalc ben-Mose Or- Sarua alls Wien, in Frankel-Griitz, Monatsschrift, 1871, p. 248-264. (B. P.)