ORTHODOXY, FEAST OF 461
ORTLIBENSES
of Spener, and the orthodox party became but a shad- ow of its former self. Soon, however, under the influ- ence of Kant, philosophy also entered into the strife. As it prevailed, orthodoxy became but a name to be mocked at (Nicolai Elias Hartknoch), and all the views which were formerly denounced as heterodox, nay even heretical, were now looked upon as orthodox. The nationalists — when they retained Christ and the Bible — based their Christianity on reason ; and every one was considered orthodox who still adhered to pos- itive Christianity. As for definite Church doctrines, they seemed to be forever consigned to oblivion. The reaction, however, came from the same side from whence the attack had proceeded. In Kant himself there were already signs of this. Fichte, Schelling, Schleierma- cher, Baader, Hegel, etc., threw discredit on the so-called revelations of the philosophic school, and led the way to a more thorough conception of the Biblical, and in consequence of the ecclesiastical doctrines. Theology now received a fresh impulse from such men as Schleier- macher, Neander, etc. The issue of the controversies thus raised will be found treated under Protestant- ism ; Rationalism ; Ritualism, and similar heads. See also Orthodox.
Orthodoxy, Feast of. The Council of Constan- tinople, held under Photius, in the year 879, and reck- oned by the Greeks as the eighth general council, forti- fied image-worship by new and firm decisions, approv- ing and renewing all the decrees of the Nicene Council. The Greeks, a superstitious people, and controlled by monks, regarded this as so great a blessing conferred on them by heaven that they resolved to consecrate an anniversary in remembrance of it, which they called the Feast of Orthodoxy. — Eadie, Eccles. Cyclop, s. v.
Orthosias ('Op^w^ia'c v. r. 'Op^maia, Vulg. Ortho- sias). a place on the shore of Palestine, to which Try- phon, wlien besieged by Antiochus Sidetes in Dora, fled by ship (1 Mace, xv, 37). Orthosia is described by Pliny (v, 17) as north of Tripolis, and south of the river Eleutherus, near which it was situated (Strabo, xvi, p. 753). It was the northern boundary of Phoenicia, and distant 1130 stadia from the Orontes (id. p. 760). Shaw (Trav. p. 270-1, 2d ed.) identifies the Eleutherus with the modern Nahr el-Burid, on the north bank of which, corresponding to the description of Strabo (p. 753), he found " ruins of a considerable city, whose ad- jacent district pays yearly to the bashaws of Tripoli a tax of fitly dollars by the name of Or-tosa. In the Peutinger Tables, also, Orthosia is placed thirty miles to the south of Antaradus, and twelve miles to the north of Tripoli. The situation of it likewise is further illustrated by a medal of Antoninus Pius, struck at Orthosia; upon the reverse of which we have the god- dess Astarte treading upon a river. For this city was built upon a rising ground on the northern banks of the river, within half a furlong of the sea, and, as the rug- ged eminences of Mount Libanus lie at a small distance in a parallel with the shore, Orthosia must have been a place of the greatest importance, as it would have here- by the entire command of the road (the only one there is) betwixt Phrenice and the maritime parts of Syria." (See also Thomson, in the Bihlioth. Sacra, 1848, p. 14.) On the other hand, Mr. Porter, who identifies the FAe\i- therus with the modern Nahr el-Keblr, describes the ruins of Orthosia as on the south bank of the Nahr el- Barid, "the cold river" {Handb. p. 542, 553, ed. 1875), thus agreeing with the accounts of Ptolemy and Pliny. The statement of Strabo is not sufficiently precise to allow the inference that he considered Orthosia north of the Eleutherus. But if the ruins on the south bank of the Nahr el-Barid be really those of Orthosia, it seems an objection to the identification of the Eleu- therus with the Nahr el-Kebir; for Strabo at one time makes Orthosia (xiv, p. 670), and at another the neigh- boring river Eleutherus (o TvXijaiov iroTafxoQ), the boundary of Phoenicia on the north. This could hard-
ly have been the case if the Eleutherus were 3| hours, or nearly twelve miles, from Orthosia. Kiepert {Map) locates Orthosia at Nahr Arka, midway between these two points (Robinson, Later Bib. Res. p. 582).
According to Josephus (Ant. x, 7, 2), Tryphon fled to Apamea, while in a fragment of Charax, quoted by Grimm (Kurzgef. Ilandb.) from Mliller's Frag. Grcec. Hist, iii, 644, fr. 14, he is said to have taken refuge at Ptolemais. Grimm reconciles these statements by sup- posing that Tryphon fled first to Orthosia, then to Ptolemais, and lastly to Apamea, where he was slain. — Smith.
Ortiz, Alonso, a noted Spanish theologian and his- torian, was a native of Toledo, and flourished in the early part of the 16th century. He held for some time the canonry of Toledo, and while in this position he was employed bj' cardinal Ximenes to revise the Moz- arabic Liturgj-. At his death Ortiz bequeathed his library to the University of Salamanca. He left six essays, which were collected and published in one vol- ume under the title of De la hei'ida del rey Don Fer- nando el Catdlico, consolatorio a la princesa de Por- tugal; Una oracion a los reyes catdlicos (in Spanish and Latin) ; Dos cartas mensageras a los reyes, una que escribio la ciudad, la otra el cabildo de la iglesia de To- ledo; Contra la carta del pi-otonotario Lucena (Seville, 1493, fol.). The most important among them are a treatise, in twenty -seven chapters, addressed to the princess of Portugal, daughter of Isabella, on the death of her husband, and a discourse addressed to Ferdinand and Isabella after the taking of Granada in 1492, in which he rejoices over the event, and expresses also his satisfaction at the cruel expulsion of the Jews and heretics. "These two discourses," says Ticknor, "are written in a pompous style ; yet they are not wanting in merit, and the second contains one or two really fine and even touching passages on the peace enjoyed by Spain since its hated enemy had been expelled, heart- felt expressions of the author which found an echo in all the Spaniards." Besides these two treatises, this volume contains an account of an attempt at assassina- tion committed against Ferdinand the Catholic at Bar- celona Dec. 7, 1472; two letters from the city and cathedral of Toledo, asking that Granada may not take precedence before Toledo; and an attack against the prothonotary Juan de Lucena, who had ventured to blame the severity of the Inquisition. He wrote also Missale mixtuni, secundum regulam beati Isidori, dictum Mozarabes (Toledo, 1500, fol., with a preface) : — Brevi- a7-itim mixtum secundum regulam beati Isidoi-i, dictum Mozarabes (Toledo, 1502, fol.) ; these two works are of great value on account of the learned preface and of their scarcity. See Nicolas Antonio, Bibliotheca His- pana nova ; Ticknor, History of Spanish Literature, i, 383 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxviii, 891 ; Stud, u. Krit. 1868, iii, 537 ; Meth. Qu. Rev. July, 1867, p. 437. (J. N. P.)