Pachomius (2), distinguished as " the Younger." Among the histories pulilished by Heribert Eosweyd (Vitoi Patruni [Antvv. 1G15, fol.], p. 233) is one of a certain Posthumius of Memphis, father (i. e. abbot) of five thousand monks. The MSS. have Pachomius in- stead of Posthumius. The truth of the whole history is, however, strongly suspected by the editors of the Acta Sanctorum, who have nevertheless printed it in the introduction to the account of Pachomius of Ta- benna. See Smitli, Diet, of Greek and Roman Eiog. and Mythol. s. v.
Pachomius (.3), an Eastern monastic, is supposed to have flourished in the 7th century either in Egypt or Syria, some time after the subjugation of these countries by the Saracens. He is regarded as the au- thor of Pachomii Monachi Sermo contra Mores sui Sce- culi et Providcntim Divinct Contemtum, published b}' V. E. Loescher in the appendix to his Stromatea, s. Dissertationes Sacri et Litterarii Argumeiiti (Wittenb. 1723). See Fabricius, Bibl. Graca, ix, 313.— Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. and Mythol. s. v.
Pachymeres, Georgius (VHopyioQ !> Uaxvpepi'iQ), one of the most important of the later Byzantine writers, was born in or about A.D. 1242 at Nicrea, whither his father, an inhabitant of Constantinople, had fled after its capture by the Latins in 1204. Hence Pachymeres sometimes calls himself a Constantinopolitan. Fitted out with a careful and learned education, he left Nicola in 1261, and took up his abode in Constantinople, which had then just been retaken by Michael Palaeologus. Here Pachymeres became a priest. It appears that be- sides divinity, he also, according to the spirit of the time, studied the law, for in after-years he was promoted to the important posts of UpioTiKriKoc, or advocate-general of the Church of Constantinople, and ^iKoioAvXa^, or chief justice to the imperial court, perhaps in ecclesiastical matters, which, however, were of high political im- portance in the reigns of jMichael PakBologus and his successor. Andronicus the elder. As early as 1267 he accompanied, perhaps as secretary, three imjierial com- missioners to the exiled patriarch Arsenius, in order to investigate his alleged participation in a suspected con- spiracy against the life of IMichael Palreologus. They succeeded in reconciling tlicse two chiefs of the state and the Church. The emperor Michael having taken preparator_y steps towards effecting a union of the Greek and Latin churches, Pachymeres sided with the patri- arch Joseph, who was against the union ; and when the emperor wrote in defence of the union, Pachj'raeres, to- gether with Jasites Job, drew up an answer in favor of the former state of separation. When the emperor An- dronicus repealed the union, Pachymeres persuaded the patriarch Georgius Cvprius, who was for it, to abdicate. * VH.— K K
It seems that Pachymeres also devoted some of his time to teaching, because one of his disciples was Manuel Phile, who wrote an iambic poem on his death. Pachym- eres probably died shortly after 1310; but some be- lieve that his death took place as late as 1340. There is a wood-cut portrait of Pachymeres prefixed to Wolf's edition of Nicephorus Gregoras (Basle, 1562).
Pachymeres wrote several important works, the prin- cipal of which are : Historia Byzantlna, a history of the emperors Michael Pateologus and Andronicus the elder, in thirteen books, six of which are devoted to the life of the former, and seven to that of the latter. This is a most valuable source for the history of the time, wTitten with great dignity and calmness, and with as much im- partiality as was possible in those stormy times, when both political and religious questions of vital importance agitated the minds of the Greeks. The style of Pachym- eres is remarkably good and pure for his age: — Ka0' lavTov, a poetical autobiography of Pachymeres, which is lost. Were this work extant, we should know more of so important a man as Pachymeres: — Epitome in uni- versam fere Aristotelis Philosophiam : — Epitome Phi- losophiw Aristotelim : — Ilfpi arofiwv ypafipwv, a para- phrase of Aristotle's work on indivisiijle lines, formerlj' attributed to Aristotle himself: — IIapu<ppacng ilg ra roii ayiov Aioi'vaiov too 'Apioiray'iTOV tvpiOKuf^tcva : — De Processione Spiritus Sancti, a short treatise : — "EKfpaoig roi' Aiiyovartiovoc, a description of the column erected by Justinian tlie Great, in commemoration of his victo- ries over the Persians, in the church of St. Sophia in Constantinople : — several minor works. See Leo Alla- tius, Diatriba de Georgus ; Hawkins, Scriptura Byzan- tia ; Fabricius, Bibl. Grceca, vii, 775. — Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. and Mythol, s. v.
Paci, Eaniert, called dfl Pace, an Italian painter, was a native of Pisa, and studied under Antonio Do- menico Gabbiani, whose manner he adopted. According to Morrona, he executed some works for the churches of his native city in a reputable manner. Lanzi sa3's that by carelessness and inattention he degenerated into a complete mannerism. He flourished in 1719. See Spooner, Biog. Hist, of the Eine Arts, ii, 640.
Pacian. See Pacianus.
Pacianus, a Spanish prelate of the 4th centurj', who among the Church writers of the West previous to Au- gustine figures not inconspicuously, is supposed to have become bishop about A.D. 350, and to have died at an advanced age under Theodosius (about 390). For in- formation regarding the personal history of Pacianus we rely mainly on Jerome (in cap. 106 and 132 of his Lib. de Viris Illustribus, also contr. Rujfn. t. i, c. 24). He describes Pacianus as the descendant of a noble family, and married in early life ; for Pacianus had a son. Flavi- ns Dexter, a friend of Jerome, who dedicated to him his work De Viris Hlustribus. About the time Ambrose of ISIilan became an ecclesiastic Pacianus entered the service of the Church, and soon rose to positions of in- fluence. He finally became bishop of Barcelona. Pa- cianus was especially renowned for his chastity and elo- quence. Jerome says also that Pacianus wrote several works, of which he expressly mentions those against the Novatians, and one entitled Ktpfiog. A work of Pa- cianus against the Novatians is still extant in the form of three letters addressed to a Novatian of the name of Sympronianus, or Sempronianus as some read it. The work called by Jerome Kepf3oc, that is ce7TUS, is no longer extant. But Pacianus tells us, in a treatise of his which has come down to us, and which is entitled Paranesis sire Exhortatorius Libellus ad Poenitentiam, that he had written a book called Cervulus, We also possess a sermon by Pacianus on baptism {Se7-mon de baptismo), intended for the use of catechumens. The style of all these writings, so far as extant, prove Paci- anus to have been a master of the Latin language, and Jerome's estimate of Pacianus as " Scriptor eloquens" is not overdrawn. But there is not much evidence of