PACIAUDI
514
PACKARD
great scholarship or originality, nor anything striking in the writings of Pacianus. What we still possess of them were tirst brought out by Tilius (Paris, 1537, 4to). Next came Galland in his Bibliotheca Patrum, vii. 257-27G ; and likewise the Hibl. Put?: maxima Lvfj- dunensis, vol. iv, and Migne, xiii, 1051 sq. See, besides Jerome's works referred to above. Acta Script. Boll, ad 9 Mart. p. 44 ; Cave, Scriptor. ecclesiasticorum hist, liter. i, 234 ; Tillemont, Memoires, viii, 539 ; Ceillier, Hist, des A uteurs Saci-es et Eccles. v, 156 sq. : Alzog, Patrolo- ffie, § 01 ; Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. aivl MythoL s. V.
Paciaudi, Paolo Maria, an Italian ecclesiastic, antiquary, and historian, was born at Turin in 1710. He studied at Bologna, became professor of philosophy at Genoa, and in 17G1 settled at Parma as librarian to the grand-duke, who also appointed him his anti- quary and director of some public works ; besides which he was historiographer of the Order of Malta. He died in 1785. His principal works of interest to us are, De cultu »S'. Joannis Baptistm aniiquitates Christianee (1754, 4to), a masterpiece full of information : — Monumenta Peloponnesiaca (2 vols. 4to) : — Memoiis of the Grand 3f asters oj" the Order oj" St. John of Jerusalem (3 vols. 4to). See Fabroni, Vitce Italiorum, vol. xiv, s. v. ; Le- neys, Life of Paciaudi prejixed to his Letters to M. de Caylus ; Tipaldo, Biog. degli Italiani illustri, vol. x, s. v. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Pacification, Edicts of, a name given to cer- tain edicts issued by sovereigns of France, intended, un- der special circumstances, to afford toleration to the Reformed Church of that country. The first edict of this kind was granted by Charles IX in 15G2, tolerating the Reformed religion in the vicinity of all the cities and towns of the realm. March 19, 1563, the same king granted a second edict at Ambnise, permitting the free exercise of Protestant worship in the houses of gentle- men and lords high-justiciaries (or those that had the power of life and death) to their families and dependents •only, and allowing other Protestants to have their meetings in such towns as they had them in before March 7. Another, called the Edict of Longumeau, sanctioning the execution of that of Amboise, was pub- lished March 27, 1568. Afraid of an insurrection of the Huguenots, Charles revoked these edicts in September, 1568, forbidding Protestantism, and commanding all its ministers to leave the kingdom in fifteen da3's. But on Aug. 8, 1570, he retracted, and published an edict on the 11th, allowing the lords high-justiciaries to have sermons in their houses for all who chose to attend. He like- wise gave them four towns, viz. Rochelle, Montauban, Cognac, and La Charite, as places of security for them during the space of two years. Nevertheless in August, 1572, he authorized the St. Bartholomew massacre, and at the same time issued a declaration forbidding the exercise of the Protestant religion, and thereby proved clearly that the successive edicts which he had granted the Protestants, instead of intending their relief, had simply sought to lull them into a false and deceitful security, in order to give time and opportunity to that cruel monarch for his preparation of the massacre of St. Bartholomew (q. v.).
In April, 1576, Henry HI made peace with the Prot- estants, and the edict of pacification was published in Parliament, INIay 14, permitting them to build churches. But the faction of the Guises began the famous league for defence of the Catholic religion, which became so formidable that it obliged the king to assemble the states of the kingdom at Blois in December, 1576; where it was enacted that there should be but one re- ligion in France, and that the I'rotestant ministers should all be banished. In 1577 the king, to secure peace, published an edict in Parliament, Oct, 5, granting the same liberty to the Reformed which tliey had be- fore. However, in July, 1585, the league obliged him to publish another edict, revoking all former grants, and
ordering all Protestants to leave the kingdom in six months, or conform.
Henry IV, on his coronation, abolished, Jul}' 4, 1591, the edicts against the Protestants. This edict was ver- ified in the Parliament of Chalons, but was never fully acted out. The most famous edict of pacification, how- ever, was the Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry in 1598. It proved the most effectual measure of relief which the French Protestants had ever enjoyed. By this edict of toleration they were allowed the free exer- cise of their religion, declared to be eligible to all public offices, and placed in all respects on a footing of equality with their Roman Catholic fellow-subjects. This edict was confirmed by Louis XIII in 1610, and by Louis XIV in 1652. But the latter in 1685 abolished it entirely. See Huguenots ; Nantes, Edict of.
Pacificators, a name assumed by the imperial party who supported the Henoticon (q. v.) of Zeuo in the j'ear 482.
Pacificus, a noted Italian mediaeval ecclesiastic, was born at Verona in 776, and after having entered the service of the Church, was made archdeacon of the ca- thedral in his native town. He had great mechanical skill, and considerably promoted all inventive labors. He died in 844. He left glosses on several books of the Old and New Testament Scriptures, but they have never been collected for publication. His learning and piety in those early mediajval days were the subject of common remark, and his name deserves to be honor- ably mentioned in all Christian literary undertakings. See IMuratori, Aniiquitates Italice inedii cevi, iii, 837; JMaffei, Ve7-ona Illustrata, s. v. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog, Generale, s. v.