PALEARIO
550
PALEOTTI
be suspended on a gibbet and his body to be given to the Hamcs ; and the sentence was executed on July 3, 1570, in the seventieth year of his age. A minute, which professes to be an otBcial document of the Do- minicans who attended him in liis last moments, but which has neither names nor signatures, states that Paleario died confessed and contrite; but the two let- ters which he wrote to his family on the day of his death are witnesses against this statement. If he did not openly express himself in them, lest they might thereby fail to reach their destination, there is yet seen all through them the same Gospel spirit which had al- ways characterized him. They also afford a negative proof that the report of his recantation was unfounded ; lor if he had realh^ changed his sentiments, would he not have felt anxious to acquaint his family with the fact? or, if the change was feigned, would not the monks have insisted on his using the language of a penitent when they granted him permission to write ? Paleario had before his apprehension taken care to se- cure his writings against the risk of suppression by committing them to the care of friends whom he could trust ; and their repeated publication in Protestant countries has saved them from those mutilations to ■which the works of so many of his countrj'men have been subjected. From his letters it appears that Pale- ario enjoyed the friendship and correspondence of the most celebrated persons of that time both in the Church and in the republic of letters. Among the former were cardinals Sadolet, Bembo, Pole, Maffei, Badia, Filonar- do, and Sfondrati ; and among the latter Flaminio, Eiccio, Alciati, Yittorio, Lampridio, and Buonamici, His poem on the immortality of the soul, entitled De immortalitate aiiimce, lihri tres (1G36, 16mo), was re- ceived with applause by the learned. Of his orations, it is, perhaps, no high praise to say that they placed him above all the moderns who obtained the name of Ciceronians, from their studious imitation of the style of the Roman orator; they are certainly written with elegance and spirit. His letter on the Council of Trent, addressed to the Reformers, and his testimony and pleading against the Roman pontiffs (.1 ctio in pontifices Romanos et eorum asseclas, ad imperatorem Rom. reges et j)rincipes Chrisliance reipuhliccB summos OCcumenici condlii prcesides, cum de coiisilio Tridentino hahendo de- liberaretur, drawn up with a design to get it presented by the emperor's ambassadors to the Council of Trent, is a regular plan in defence of the Protestants, and was published at Leipsic in 1606 ; see A eta Enidita for Jan. 1696, p. 44), evince a knowledge of the Scriptures, sound- ness in the faith, candor, and fervent zeal worthy of a Reformer and confessor of the truth. In the composi- tion of his tract on the benefit of the death of Christ, it is said that cardinal Pole had a large part, that Fla- minio (q. V.) wrote a defence of it, and that activity in circulating it formed one of the charges on which car- dinal JNIorone (q. v.) was imprisoned and Carnesecchi committed to the flames. No wonder that of such a man M'Crie writes : " When we take into consideration his talents, his zeal, the utility of his writings, and the sufferings which he endured, Paleario must be viewed as one of the greatest ornaments of the Reformed cause in Italy." The works of Paleario, entitled Opera, ad illam editionem quam, ipse auctor 7-ecensuerat et auxe- rat excusa, nunc novis accessionihus locupletata, were brought out at Amsterdam in 1696, and were reprinted at Jena in 1728, The tract on the benefit of the death of Christ fared no better tlian its author. The Inquisi- tion hunted for the book with sucli success that nearly every copy was brought into its hands and burned. For three hundred years nothing was known of it save what history reported. In 1843, liowever, a copy of the Ital- ian edition was discovered in the University of Cam- bridge, in England, which was brought out, with the French translation of 1552 and the Englisli of 1548, bj- Churchill Babington at Cambridge, and, with a Ger- man translation by Tischeudorf, at Leipsic in 1856. See
Young, Life and Times of Paleario (Lond. I860. 2 vols. 8vo) ; Blackburn, Aonio Paleario and his Friends, with a revised edition of The Benefit of Christ's Death (Phil- adelphia Presbyt. Board, 1867); Gurlitt, Leben des A, Paleario (Hamb. 1805) ; Bonnet, A . Paleario et la Ref. de Vltalie (Paris, 1863) ; Jl'Crie, Hist, of the Ref. in Hah/, p. 131 sq., 278 sq.; Jahrb. deutsch. Theol. 1870, iii, 419. (.J.H.W.)
Palembang, formerly an independent kingdom on the east coast of Sumatra, now a Netherlands residency, is bounded on the north by Jambi, north-west by Ben- coolen, south by the Lampong districts, and south-east by the Strait of Banca, has an area of 28,140 square miles, and a population amounting, in 1860, to 378,225 souls. Much of the land is low-lying swamp, covered with a wilderness of impenetrable bush ; but in the south it rises into mountains, of which Oeloe Moesi is 6180 feet in height. Gold-dust, iron-ore, sulphur with arsenic, lignite, and common coal are found ; also clays suited for making coarse pottery, etc. Springs of pure oil occur near the coal-fields of Bali Boekit, and of min- eral water in various places. Rice, cotton, sugar, pep- per, tobacco, and in the interior cocoa-nuts are grown ; the forests producing gutta-percha, gum-elastic, ratans, wax, benzoin, satinwood, etc. The rivers abound with fish ; and the elephant, rhinoceros, tiger, panther, and leopard roam the woods, as well as the deer, wild swine, and goats, with many varieties of the monkey. In the drj"^ season the thermometer ranges from 80^ to 92^ F., and in the rainy season, 76° to 80°; but the climate is not considered mihealthy, except in the neighborhood of the swamps.