Palamite s. See Palamas.
Palanquin. See Litter.
Palatini is the name by which was designated one of the three classes of subdeacons in Pome especially appointed to wait upon the bishop.
Palatinus, a surname of Apollo, under which he was worshipped at Rome, where he had a temple on the Palatine hill.
Palatius, Joannes, an ecclesiastical writer of the 17th century, of whose personal history nothing is ac- cessible to us, is the author of a histor}'- of the popes, entitled Gesta Pontijicum liomanorum a S. Petro usque Imiocentium XI, addit. Pontijicum imaginibus numis- matib. sigillis, etc. (Venetia, 1685, 2 vols. fol.). It is a very exhaustive but not a critical work. Palatius is also the author of Fasti Cardinalium omnium Pomance eccles. cum stemmatib. eorum (ibid. 1703, 2 vols. fol.).
Paldah. See Steel.
Paleae, a name for the 150 decretals and council ordinances added to Gratian's Decretum. They are in- serted in the Corpus Juris, but have attained to no le- gal authority. The name Palece is either a corruption oi TraXaioi, i. e. obsolete, or is from the name Paucapalea, a pupil of Gratian, and their lirst collector. See Bickell, Disquisitio hist, critic, de paleis (Marburg, 1827) ; Phil- ipps, Kirchenrecht, iv, 160.
Paleario, Aonio (or, as his name was originally written, Aonio degli Pagliari), one of the most noted of Italian characters in the Reformation period, and a martyr to the Protestant cause, was born at Yeroli, in the Campagna di Roma, and descended of noble and ancient families by both his parents. He spent his youth in retirement until death robbed him suddenly of his par- ents, when a friend of his father, Martelli bv name, cared for Aonio and guided his education. The bishop of the diocese, Ennio Philonardi, also interested him- self in the precocious youth, and paid attention to the formation of his character and the development of his talents. Paleario applied himself early to the Greek and Latin languages, in which he made great progress, and then proceeded to philosophy and divinity. The desire he had for knowledge prompted him in his sev- enteenth year to go abroad, and, after travelling through the greater part of Italy, seeking ever the acquaint- ance and teachings of the most famous professors in every place he visited, he settled for student's work at Rome, where he continued for six j'ears, till that city was taken by Charles V, when the disorders committed by the troops of that prince leaving no hopes of enjoy- ing tranquillity, obliged Paleario to depart (1523). He had at this time a great inclination to travel into France, Germany, and even as far as (ireece ; but the narrow- ness of his fortune would not admit of this, and he con- tented himself with a visit to the different parts of his native country. He made prolonged stays at Siena, Florence, Ferrara, Padua, and Bologna — everywhere gathering new stores of learning, and having inter- course with the most illustrious men. He returned again to Rome, but in 1527 left it for Siena, upon which he now determined as his permanent abode, induced to settle there by the pleasantness of the situation and the sprightliness and sagacity of the inhabitants; and ac- cordingly he sold his estate at Veroli, and purchased a
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country-house in the neighborhood of Siena, called Ce- ciniana, because it formerly belonged to Cecina, one of Cicero's clients. Here he entered likewise into matri- mony with a young woman of whom he was passion- ately fond all his life after. She bore him four chil- dren, two boys and two girls. In 1534 Paleario was made professor of ancient languages and philosophy, and a great number of pupils gathered about him, when his career was suddenly disturbed by a (juarrel with one of his colleagues, who grew impatient at seeing his own reputation eclipsed by the superior lustre of Paleario. Having studied the Scriptures and read the writings of the German Keformers, his lectures on moral philosophy were distinguished from those of his colleague by a liberal tone of thinking. This, al- though gratifj'ing to the students, was offensive to the professor, who obstinately adhered to the old ideas. Cardinal Sadolet, in the name of his friends, set before Paleario the danger of giving way to novelties, and ad- vised him, in consideration of the times, to confine him- self to the safer task of clothing the peripatetic ideas in elegant language. This prudential advice was not al- together congenial to the candid mind of Paleario, and the devotion which he felt for truth. The freedom with which he censured vain pretenders to learning and religion irritated a class of men who scrupled at no means to oppress and ruin an adversary, and who eagerly seized the opportunity to fasten on him the charge of heresy. His private conduct was watched, and ex- pressions which had dropped from him in the unsus- pecting confidence of private conversation were circu- lated to his prejudice. But Paleario gave the greatest oifence by a book which he wrote on the benefit of the death of Christ, // Beneficio di Christo (1542); a sy- nopsis of its contents, with selections, is given by Dr. Hurst in his Martyrs to the Tract Cause (N. Y. 1872, 12mo), p. G8-80. The little book, which is throughout enriched with quotations from the Holy Scriptures and the Church fathers — Augustine, Origen, Basil, Hilary, Ambrose, Irenaius, and St. Bernard — excited much at- tention, not only in Italy, but elsewhere, for it was translated into several foreign languages, and obtained a circulation that is remarkable. Paul Vergerius re- ports that during the six years folloAving its appearance forty thousand copies were printed and sold in Venice alone. What wonder that the enemies of the Gospel were also attentive to this work, and made every effort to suppress it and to ruin its author? They soon came upon his track. His opponents in Siena conspired against him while he was on a visit to Home, and in- dicted him for heresy. On hearing this he quickly re- turned, in order to defend himself. Slost of his judges were passionately embittered against him.