Pamniachius, St., a friend and contemporary of St. Jerome (q. v.), was a senator at Rome, and stood high in the esteem of his countrymen. Being persuaded of the value of a religious life, the death of his wife con- strained him to turn aside from societj', and he em- braced an ascetic life. He died in a convent in 410. Jerome, who was his intimate associate and friend from youth up, carried on a correspondence with Pammachi- us, which is of historical value to the ecclesiastical stu- dent. Jerome in his letters, as also Augustine and Pauliuus of Nolii in theirs, extols the virtuous life of Pammachius, especially the philanthropic laborsin which he abounded. See Zijckler, U^en des Hieronymus (Gotha, 18G5).
Faniphllus, a Christian martyr, was an Eastern prelate of such extensive learning that he was called a second Origen. He was a native of Phoenicia, was born probably at Berytus, and educated bj' Prierius, after wliich he was received into the body of the clergy at C;esarea, wliere he established a library, and lived in the practice of every Christian virtue. He was a man of profound learning, and devoted liimself chiefly to the study of the Scriptures and the writings of the earh' Church fathers. Jerome states that Pamphilus copied most of the works of Origen with his own hand ; and, assisted by Eusebius, gave a correct copy of the Old Testament, which had suffered greatly from the igno- rance or negligence of former transcribers. He likewise gave lectures on literary and religious subjects in an academy established by him for that purpose, until A.U. 307, when he was apprehended and carried before Urban, the governor of Palestine. Urban, having in vain endeavored to turn him to paganism, ordered him to be tortured severely, and to be imprisoned; which was accordingly done. He was beheaded in A,D. 309. Pamphilus founded a library at Cajsarea, chiefly consist- ing of ecclesiastical works, which became celebrated throughout the Christian world. It was destroj-ed be- fore the middle of the 7th century. He constantly lent and gave away copies of the Scriptures. Both Eusebi- us and Jerome speak in the highest terms of his piety and benevolence. Jerome states that Pamphilus com- posed an apology for Origen before Eusebius; but at a later period, having discovered that the work which he had taken for Pamphilus's was only the first book of Eusebius's apology for Origen, he denied that Pamphilus wrote anything except short letters to his friends. The truth seems to be that the lirst five books of the Apolo-
(fij for Origen were composed by Eusebius and Pamphi- lus jointly, and the sixth book by Eusebius alone, after the death of Pamphilus. Anotlier work which Pam- philus effected in conjunction with Eusebius was an edi- tion of tlie Septuagint, from the text in Origen's Ilexa- pla. This edition was generally used in the Eastern Church, Montfaucon and Eabricius have published Contents of the Acts of the Apostles as a work of Pam- philus; but this is in aU probability the production of a later writer. Eusebius wrote a Life of Pamphilus, in three books, which is now entirely lost, with the excep- tion of a few fragments, and even of these the genuine- ness is extremely doubtful. We have, however, notices of him in Eusebius {/list. Eccles. vii, 32), and in the De Viris Illustribus and other works of Jerome. See Smith, Diet, of Greek and Roman Biog. and Mgthol. s. V. ; Hagenbach, Hist, of Doct. i, 230 ; Neander, Ch. Hist, i, 720; Gieseler, Eccles. Hist, i, 118, 144; Alzog, Patrologie, § 34; Pressense, Hist, of the Early Years of Christianity {Doctrines, \). '^i\) ; Lardner, Credibility, pt, ii, c, 59, and the authorities there quoted.
Pamphylia (Gr. Ylap(t)v\ia, of every race), a prov- vince in the southern part of Asia Minor, having the Mediterranean on the south, Cilicia on the east, Pisidia on the north, and Lycia on the west. It was nearly op- posite the island of Cyprus; and the sea between the coast and the island is calletl in Acts (xxvii, 5) the sea of Pamphylia, The chief cities of this province were Perga and Attalia, It seems in early times to have been less considerable than either of the contigu- ous districts; for in the Persian war, while Cilicia con- tributed a hundred ships and Lycia fifty, Pamphylia sent onlv thirty (Herod, vii. 91, 92), The name prob- ably then embraced little more than the crescent of comparatively level ground bet\veen Taurus and the sea. To the north, along the heights of Taurus itself, was the region of Pisidia, The Roman organization of the country, however, gave a wider range to the term Pam- phylia, In St, Paul's time it was not only a regular province, but the emperor Claudius had imited Lycia with it (Dio Cass, Ix, 17), and probably also a good part of Pisidia, However, in the N, T, the three terms are used as distinct. The greater part of it was wild and mountainous, but intersected by beautiful vales. It pre- sented a great variety of soil and climate, ranging from the perpetual snow region on the summits of Taurus, down to the orange-groves that to this day encircle the town of Adalia, The southern aspect and sheltered situation of the coast give it a temperature higher than that of most parts of Palestine, Am^ng the most inter- esting natural curiosities of Pamphylia may be reckoned the river Catarrhactes, which, taking its rise in tlie lake Teogitis, a little to the south of Antioch in Pisidia, rolls its calcareous waters down to the sea near Attaleia, where they pour over the cliffs into the Levant ; from this circumstance the river takes its name. Its bed, or rather its beds, near the termination of its course, are continually changing, so that it becomes difficult to identify the position of any ancient sites in the vicinity of this river. The view from the sea of these waterfalls is very striking, and is not unlike that of the falls at Hierapolis in Phrygia, The valleys are rich and fer- tile, but towards the sea unhealthy ; it is however prob- able that their climate has deteriorated in modern times, like that of the whole sea-coast from Ephesus eastwards, i\t the mouth of the rivers respectively were situated the important cities of Attaleia, Perga, Aspendus, and Side ; so that Pamphylia, though one of the smallest of the provinces into wliich Asia Minor was divided, was by no means the least in consequence.