' It was in Pamphylia that St. Paid first entered Asia Minor, after preaching the Gospel in Cyprus. He and Barnabas sailed up the river Oestrus to Perga (Acts xiii, 13). Here thej' were abandoned by their subordinate companion John-^Mark; a circumstance which is alluded to again with much feeling, and with a pointed mention of the place where the separation occurred (Acts xv, 38).
PAMPHYLIA
607
PAN
It might be the pain of this separation which induced Paul and Barnabas to leave Perga without delay. Tliey did however preach the Gospel there on their return from the interior (Acts xiv, 24, 25). We may conclude, from Acts ii, 10, that there were many Jews in the prov- ince ; and possibly Perga had a synagogue. The two missionaries finally left Pamphylia by its chief seaport, Attalia. We do not know that St, Paul was ever in this district again; but many years afterwards he sailed near its coast, passing through " the sea of Cilicia and Pam- phvlia'" on his way to a town of Lycia (Acts xxvii, 5). We notice here the accurate order of these geographical terms, as in the above-mentioned land-journey we ob- serve how Pisidia and Pamphylia occur in true rela- tions, both in going and returning {tig Yltpytji' rtjg UajjipvXiac . • . diro riji; Tlipyrjg etc; 'AvTtoxtiav tTiq Tiimciag, xiii, 13, 14; SuXSrt'ivTtg rrjv TliciSiav fjXBov £('c Ilaf^tcpvXicii', xiv, 24). Pamphylia was then a flour- ishing commercial province ; the rivers, now silted up, or rendered useless for ships by the formation of bars across tlieir mouths, -vvere then navigable to a consider- able extent. Cimon sailed up the river Eurymedon with his army as far as Aspendus, and the Oestrus was navigable in the time of Strabo up to Perga for ships of heavy burden. The whole province is remarkable for its natural beauties, its fauna and flora are varied and abundant, and the researches of Tchiatcheff (ylsz'e Mi- neure [Paris, 1853], vol. iii) show that in these respects it was surpassed by no province of Asia Minor. The climate, like that of Lj-cia and Cilicia, is highly favor- able to this result; the mean temperature is higher than that of any other countries under the same parallels of latitude, and the summers approach those of the tropics : that portion of Europe which most nearly resembles it is the valley of the Guadalquivir. The inhabitants, like a portion of those in the neighboring provinces — Lycia and Cilicia — were mild and courteous in manners, and greatly addicted to commerce, to which indeed they were led by the peculiarly favorable situation of the country. Attains built Attaleia in order to command the trade of Syria and Egypt, and the result fully an- swered his expectations. At the same time this com- mendation of the race inhabiting these provinces must be restricted within narrow limits. The Pisidians were famous robbers; the higher regions of Cilicia were in- fested by predatory tribes, and piracy was the profession of great numbers on the sea-coast. Even the Pam- phylians themselves were not free from the like impu- tation, in proportion as they receded towards the moun- tains. St. Paul could not cross Mount Taurus without being " in peril of robbers." Compared, however, with the Cappadocians, the Lycaonians, and the Pisidians, the inhabitants of Pamphylia may be regarded as a civ- ilized and inoffensive race. Various accounts have been given of the origin of the Pamphj-lians. Some say they were a mixed race, composed of a number of amalgamated tribes, and hence their name Jlrtju^nXoi ("mingled tribes"). This appears to be the opinion of Herodotus (viii, 91) and Pausanias (vii, 3). Others maintain that they sprung from a Dorian chief called Famphylus (Rawlinson's Herod, iii, 276, note) ; others from I'(tmphyl(', the daughter of Hhacius (Steph. Byz. s. v.). The truth seems to be that there was an ancient tribe of this name, speaking a language of its own, and which in more recent times partly amalgamated with the Greeks who overran Asia Minor. It is this language to which Luke refers in Acts ii, 10. It was probably a barbarous palois, known only to the residents in the little province of Pamphylia (comp. Arrian, A nab. i, 20) ; and hence the astonishment of those who heard the apostles speak it.
The greater part of Pamphylia is now thinly popu- lated, and its soil uncultivated. There are still a few little towns and villages near the coast, surrounded by fruitful fields and luxuriant orchards. Some of these occupy ancient sites, and contain the remains of former grandeur. See Conybcare and Howson, Lije and Epis-
tles of St. Paul, i, 242 ; Smith, Did. of Class. Geog. s. v. See Asia Minou.
Pan is tlie rendering in the A. V. of the following words in the original. See Dish,
1. Kiyur, "ITS or 'i'^S (from "l13, to cook), a basin of metal used for boiling or stewing (1 Sam, ii, 14 ; Sept. XijSriTa tIiV jxiyav ; Vulg. lebeteni); also as a lavei' (as generally rendered) or basin for washing (Exod. xxx, 18 ; Sept. Xovrijpa ; Vulg. labrum ; 1 Kings vii, 38, 40, 43; ^^\)t.xvTpoKavXovQ; Alex. xurpoyavXavg ; Vulg. lutei-es) ; and (with ^X) a brazier for carrying fire (Zech, xii, 6 ; A.V. " hearth ;" Sept. CaXiv nvpuc ; Vulg. caminum ignis) ; finally a wooden platforvi from which to speak (2 Chron, vi, 13 ; A, V. " pulpit"), doubtless from its round form. See Lavee.