at Cologne in 1G84. See Recueil de pliisieurs pieces pour servir a I'JJistoire de Port-Rotjal (Utrecht, 1740); Me- moires pour servir u VHistoire de Port-Royal et de la Mere Angelique (ibid. 1742); Nicole, Eloge de Pascal; Bouiller, Sentiments de Af. sur la Critique des Pensees de Pascal (1741 antl 1753) ; Vie interessant des Relirjieuses dePort-Rotjal (1751) ; Condorcet, Elof/e de Pascal (1776) ; Voltaire, Remarques sur les Pensees de Pascal (Geneva, 1778) ; Bossiit (Abbe), Discours sur la Vie et les G-Mures de Pascal (1779 and 1781, 5 vols.) ; Baillet, Vie de Des Cartes, pt. ii, p. 330 ; Chateaubriand, Uenie du Christian- isme, pt. iii, bk. ii, ch. vi (Paris, 1802) ; Dumesnil, Eloge de Pascal (ibid. 1813) ; Kaymond, Eloge de Pascal, avec Notes (Lyons, 181G) ; Monnier, Essai sur Pascal (Paris, 1822) ; Villemain, Pascal comme ecrivain et comme mo- raliste [Piscours et Melanges] (ibid. 1823) ; Cousin, Journal des Savants (ibid. 1839), p. 554 ; also, Biblio- th'eque de I'Ecole de Chartres (ibid. 1842) ; also, Sur la necessite d'une nouvelle Edition des Pensees. Rapport a r Academic Frangaise (ibid. 1842; reprinted with a new preface, ibitl. 1843) ; Bordas-Demoulin, Eloge de Pascal; Concours de I' Academic (ibid. 1842); Faugere, jtloge de Pascal; Concours de I'Acarlemie (ibid. 1842); Villemain, ^(/7)/)o?-< sur le Concours (ibid. 1842); Saint- Beuve, Port-Rogal (ibid. 1842), vol. ii and iii, bk. iii; Nodier, Bulletin du Bibliophile (ibid. 1843), p. 107, 108; Flottes (Abbe), Eludes sur Pascal (Montpellier, 1843- 45, 8vo) ; Vinet, Etudes sur Blaise Pascal (ibid. 1844- 47,8vo; Engl, transl. Edinb. 1859, 12mo); Nisard, /.«V/c- rature Frangaise ; Influence de Des Cartes sur Pascal (ibid. 1844), vol. ii, ch. iv; Revue des Deux 3fondes, Du Scepticisme de Pascal (1844-45; March 15, 18G5); Thomas. De Pascali ; an vere Scepticus J'uerit? (These, 1844); Martin, //«A'to8/e de Fiance; Cousin, Jacqueline Pascal (Paris, 1845) ; Eehit (Dr.), Z^e /'.4 inulette de Pas- cal, Etudes sous le Rapport de la Sante de ce grande komme a son genie (ibid. 1845) ; Faugere, Lettres, Opus- cules, etc., de Madame Perier, etc. (ibid. 1845) ; Edinb. Rev. Jan. 1847, art. vii ; Collet, Fait inedit de la Vie de Pascal (Paris, 1848, 8vo) ; Lescoeur, De la Methode Phi- hsophique de Pascal (1850) ; Kecolin, Apologetique de Pascal (Montauban, 1850) ; Maynard (Abbe), Pascal, sa Vie et son Caract'ere, ses eci'its et son genie (1850, 2 vols. 8vo) ; Chavannes, Revue de Theologie [S. Kole de I'au- toritc dans les Pensees] (1850), vol. viii; k&Vw, Revue Ckretienne [La Methode apologeti(iue de Pascal pent seule renverser les arguments de J. J. Kousseau] (1854) ; Villemain, Revue Ckretienne [art. sur I'Edition des les Pensees par Astie] (1857); Kambert, Pascal, Biblio- th'eque Universelle de Geneve [L' Apologetique de Pascal a fait son temps] (1858); Naville, Reponse; Scherer, Quelques Questions d' Apologetique a propos de VA rticle de Ramhert et de Ernest Naville, in tlie Nouvelle Revue Theol. (Strasburg, 1858), vol. ii; Pressense, Deux re- centes Discussions sur VApologie de Pascal (reponse a Scherer), in the Revue Clu-etienne (Paris, 1858) ; (Jeru- sez, Litterature Frangaise ; lieuchlin, PascaVs Leben (Stuttgard, 1840); Neander, Ueber die Geschichtliche Bedeutung der Pensees Pasccd's fiir die Religionsphiloso- phie insbesondere (Berlin, 1847); Weingarten, Pasccd uls Ajmloget des Christenthums (Leips. 18G3) ; Dreydorf, Pascal, sein Leben ?/. seine Kdmpfe (Leips. 1870) ;"Eck- lin, Pascal (Basle, 1870) ; Nourisson, Tableau des Pro- gr'es de la Pensee I/umaine (2d ed. Paris, 1859, 12mo), p. 437 sq. ; Stephen, Lectures on the IJistory of France (Lend. 1857, 2 vols. 8vo), ii, 165 sq.; Jervis, /list, of the Church of France (ibid. 1872, 2 vols. 8vo), i, 420 sq., 428 sq. ; Demogeot, IJist. de la Litterature Frangaise ; Bridge, Hist, of French Literature (Phila. 1874, 12mo), p. 171 sq. ; Meomechet, Litterature Moderne, vol. iii; Morell, Hist, of Modern Philosophy, p. 196, 197; Chris- tian Remembrancer, July, 1852; Kitto,Journ. of Sacred Lit. vol. iii; Ih-inceton Rev. Jan. 1854, art. iii; Meth. Qu. vol. xii ; Brit, and For. Ev. Rev. Jan. 1863, art. vii ; Biblical Repertory, 1838, p. 170 sq. ; (jerusez, F.ssai d^Uistoire litteraire ; Bridges, France under Richelieu and Colbert, Icct. iv ; IJacine, Hist. Ecclesiastique, xii.
127 sq. ; Ranke, Hist, of the Papacy, vol. ii ; Zeitschr. fur hist. Theologie, 1872, vol. iv, art. i; North British Rev. Nov. 1861, art. i. (J. H. W.)
Pascal, Jacqueline, a noted French female mo- nastic, was the sister of Blaise Pascal, and greatly in- fluenced that celebrated man in his ascetic practices. She was born at Clermont in 1625. She became relig- ious, and entered the Port-Koyal house in 1646 under the name of Sister Ste. Euphemie, and she died there in 1661. She was a most devoted sister, but her pecul- iar notions of an ascetic life led her to Port-Royal her- self, and tinally brought Blaise to the same retirement. In her youth she had enjoyed much distinction for re- markable intellectual attainments and native talent. The poet Corneille used to visit her when she was yet a girl, and aid her in the development of her poetic taU ent. See Cousin, Jacqueline Pascal (Paris, 1849) ; Meth. Qu. Rev. July, 1854, art. iv.
Pascll, a term sometimes used to denote the festival of Easter (q. v.).
Pascha. See Passover.
Pascha Aunotinuni is an expression which was used in the Church of the early Middle Ages to desig- nate the first anniversary day of baptism, which was observed by prayer and song by the baptized and his friends. It passed out of date in the 11th century, and the frequent eftbrts to re-establish the " Pascha anno- tinum" have failed. The Sunday Quasimodogeniti was the day appointed for such observance, and was therefore principally called Pascha or Pascha Antio- tinum.