perhaps the most useful of any ever written in the English language. They were published at various times, but as this prelate did not proceed beyond the Song of Solomon, the commentaries of Lowth, Ar- nald, Whitby, and Lowman are generally added to complete the work. In this enlarged or completed form it is published, entitled A critical Commentary and Paraphrase on the Old and Neiv Testament and the Apocryj^ha, by Patrick, Low^th, Arnald, Wliitlty, and Lowman ; corrected b^' the Rev. J. R. Pitman (Lond. 1822, 6 vols. 4to). The historical and poetical books of the Old Testament are bj' Bp. Patrick ; the Prophets, by W. Lowth ; the Apocrypha, hy Arnald ; the New Testament (with the exception of the Revelation), by Whitby ; the Revelation, bv' Lowman. There is a new edition, with the text printed at large (not formerly given), 4 vols, imp, 8vo, 1853, and other dates. There are various editions in folio, which are esteemed for the large type with which they are printed ; but none of them contain Lowman, and but few copies contain Arnald. In that size the work is in 6 vols, without Arnald, which makes a seventh when added. An edition of all Bp. Patrick's works was brought out in 1858 by the Rev. Alexander Taylor, A.M. (Oxf. 9 vols. 8vo). His Autobiography was published at Oxford in 1839. A list of all his writings is given by Darling, Cyclop. Bihl. ii, 2304-2307. See Debary, His't. of the Ch. of England, 1685-1717, p. 20, 81, 203, 380 ; Perry, Hist. of the Ch. of England, ii, 397; iii, 82; Stoughton, Ec- cles. Hist, of England, i, 338 ; ii, 140, 354 ; Christian Observer, Nov. 1843, art. i. (J. H. W.)
Patrii Dei (Lat. pater, "a father," and Dii, "gods"), a name applied in heathen antiquity to the gods from whom tribes were believed to be sprung, or to gods worshipped by their ancestors. Sometimes the name was given to the spirits of their deceased an- cestors. Among the ancient Romans the term was sometimes used to denote the Furies or Eumenides.
Patrimi and Matrinii are names applied among the ancient Romans to children whose parents had been married according to the religious ceremony called Confarreatio. These were generally considered as more suitable for the service of the gods than the children of other marriages.
Patrimony is the term anciently given to Church estates or revenues. Thus we find mentioned, in the letters of St. Gregory, not only the patrimony of the Ifo- man Church, but those likewise of tlie churches of Rimini, Milan, and Ravenna. This name, therefore, does not peculiarly signify any foreign dominion or jurisdiction belonging to the Roman Church or the pope. Churches, in cities whose inhabitants were but of modern existence, had no estates left to them out of their own district; but those in imperial cities, such as Rome, Ravenna, and Milan, where senators and per- sons of the first rank inhabited, were endowed with es- tates in divers parts of the world. St. Gregory men- tions the patrimony of the Churcli of Ravenna, in Sicily, and another of the Church of ililan, in that kingdom. The Roman Church had patrimonies in France, Africa, .Sicil)-, in the Cottian Alps, and in many other countries. The same St. Gregory had a lawsuit with the bishop of Ravenna for the patrimonies of the two churches, which afterwards ended by agreement.
Patriots in Christ, an appellation given to cer- tain Wiirteniberg Separatists, originated b_v the abbe (iregoiro, who appeared in 1801, during the rising pnp- idarity of Bonaparte, and maintained that he was the sec- ond and true JMessiab, who was to destroy the siiiritual Babylon and give freedom to the nations. They formed themselves into an order of knighthood, called the Knights of Napoleon, but as the ambitions jiersonage on whom their expectations rested made no pretensions to the dignity which they had marked out for him, they met with no encouragement, and speedily fell into ob- livion.
PATRIPASSIANS
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PATRISTICS
Patripassians (from Patre Passo, "a suffering Fa- ther"), a title given by their opponents to those Chris- tians who deny the distinct personality of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. The first to whom it was applied were the followers of Praxeas, against whom TertuUian published, about the year 200, one of his celebrated treatises. Praxeas was a Phrj'gian, who liad come to Ivorac, and exerted himself there with great effect against the Montanists, whom the Roman bishop was almost on the point of admitting into the communion of the Church. His peculiar views on the Trinity were over- looked at the time. But TertuUian shortly afterwards became a Montanist, and as such had a double motive for attacking Praxeas and his followers. His treatise is our chief authority for the opinions they held, but there is some obscurity about it. From some passages it would appear that Praxeas admitted no distinctions in the Godhead previous to the appearing of God in the person of Christ. From others it rather seems that he supposed him to have manifested himself as the Son under the old dispensation. But there can be no doubt that Praxeas believed, as the Sabellians did after him, that Father, Son, and Holy Ghost were merely names for the different modes under which one and the same person operated or was manifest. TertuUian argued that if this view was carried out to its legitimate con- sequences, it must be admitted that the Father was born of the Virgin Mary, and suffered on the cross. See MoNAKCHiANS; NoETUs; Sabellians; and Sa- BELLius. The followers of Praxeas were also called Monarchians, because of their den3'ing a phiralitj' of persons in the Deity; and Patripassians, because they believed that the Father was so intimately united with the man Christ, his Son, that he suffered with him the anguish of an afflicted life, and the torments of an igno- minious death. It does not appear that this sect formed to itself any separate place of worship, or removed from the ordinary assemblies of Christians, See Neander, Hist, of l)o<jmas (see Index) ; Phmtinri and Training, vol. ii; Milman, Hist, of Latin Christianity, i, 73; Al- zog, Kirchengesch. i, 112; Schaff, Church Hist. vol. i; Liddon, Dinnity of Christ (see Index) ; Haag, Hist, des Dogmes; Hagenbach, //jaY. of Doctrines (see Index in vol. ii).