PATRIZI
180
PATROLOGY
christology and the fundamental doctrines of Christian anthropology and sotcriology. (ii) Greek Church : Cyril of Alexandria (d. 444), Theodoret (d. 458), John of Damascus (d. about 750). (h) Latin Church : Je- rome (d. 419), Augustine (d. 430), Leo the Great (d. 461), Gregory the Great (d. G04).
Literature. — Patristics began with the work of Je- rome (d. 419), De viris illustrihis s. de scriptoribiis eccle- siasticis, which contains biographical sketches of the most eminent Christian authors down to the 5th cen- turj-. It was continued by Gennadius (490), Isidore of Spain, and other mediffival writers. Since the Ref- ormation this study was especially cultivated by Roman Catholic scholars, as Bellarmine, Oudin, Du Pin, C. NouiTV, Tilleniont, Ceillier, Lumper, Sprenger, Mohler, Fessler, Alzog; and bj- some Anglican divines, as Cave, Pearson, Fell, and the Tractarian school. The Ger- mans have cultivated the biographical and critical de- partment, and furnished a number of valuable patristic monographs, as Tertullian and Chrysostom bj' Kean- der, Origen by Thomnsius and Redepenning, Gregorj' of Nazianzum b}' Ullmann, Jerome by Zochler, Aiigus-
his " illness afflicted him only for two reasons : because it prevented his saying mass and seeing his holiness." Pius IX, greatly moved by this declaration, resolved to break his voluntary imprisonment to attest in person his affection for liis best friend. lie gave orders according- ly, but his physicians effectively interfered, and Patrizi was denied this last favor. (J. H. W.)
Pat'robas (narpuiSac, probably for TJarpoftioc, Hf^ 'if ^^^ father, see Wolf, Cura; ad loc), a Christian at Rome to whom Paul sent his salutation (Rom. xvi, 14). A.D. 55. According to late and uncertain tra- dition, he was one of the seventy disciples, became bishop of Puteoli (Pseudo-Hippol^^tus, De Sept. Aposto- lis), and suffered martyrdom together with Philologus on November 4 (Estius). Accordingly the Roman martyrology assigns that day as his anniversary. Like many other names mentioned in Rom. xvi, this was borne bj' at least one member of the emperor's household (Sucton. Galba, 20; JIartial, Ep. ii, 32, 3).
Patrociiiiuni is a name for the festival annually observed b}' the Romanists to commemorate those
tine by Bindemann. The best editions of the fathers saints under whose protection a church has been built are the Benedictine, as far as the}' go, and the most or founded. See Patkon.
complete and convenient (though by no means the most critical) is Migne's Patrologim Cnrsus completus s. Bib- liotheca Universalis . . . omnium SS. Patru?n, Docto- ' rum, Script orumque ecclesiasticorum, embracing the ec- clesiastical literature from tlie apostolic fathers down to the age of Innocent III (Paris, 1844 sq.). A more critical edition of the Latin fathers was begun under ; the auspices of the Academy of Vienna (1866), and
Patroc'lus (lla-poK\oc, a frequent Greek name since the time of Homer), the father of Nicanor, the fa^- mous adversary of Judas Maccabeus (2 Mace, viii, 9). Patroclus of Arles, a French Roman Catholic prelate, flourished in the earh- part of the 5th century as bishop of the diocese from which he is named. A dis- pute of long standing then existed between the bishops embraces so far Sulpicius Severus,Minuchis Felix, and ' °!" ^'"^'^^ ^^^ VienneVith regard to metropolitan juris- Cyprian. Of modern works on patristics, the principal ' ,'^''='.'°"- J^'^ question was brought before a council at are : Mohler, Patroloffie (ed. Reithmavr, Regensburg, I ^""" "^ ^lie year 401 , when it was decided, for the sake 1850, only 1 vol. to close of 300) ; Fessler, Institutiones ! °^ l'"^^'"^' ^^^^ *"^ "' Patrol. (Oenip. 1850, 2 vols., to Gregory the Great); Al-
zog, Grundriss d r Patrologie (2d ed. Freiburg, 1869 ; 3d ed. 1876); Donaldson, A Critical History of Chris- tian Literature and Doctrine from the Death of the Apos- tles to the Nicene Council (Lond. 1864-66, 3 vols.). A
biographical Dictionarv of the first ten centuries, un- . . „ . , • ,- , , .^
der the editorship of William Smith, will shortly be i o"Si»alb' inherent in his see; and that pontiff, proba- published in London as a sequel to the Diclionaru of , Wy without sufhcient examination, granted his request
nity of metropolitan should belong to that prelate who could prove his see to be the civil capital of the province ; and that meanwhile each should execute the office in the dioceses nearest to his own. The strife was thus suspended for the time ; but in 417 Patroclus addressed himself to pope Zozimus, to obtain restitution of the rights which he maintained to be
Christian Antiquities, of which the first volume was is- sued in 1875. See Fathers of the Church ; Pa- TROLOGY. (P. S.)
Patrizi, Constantin, a modern Italian prelate, the intimate companion of pope Pius IX, and cardinal-vicar, was born at Siena Sept. 4, 1798. He was the scion of a noble famil}', and was intended for military service, but being of a serious turn of mind he preferred the service of the Church, and in her ranks rapidly rose to places of responsibility and influence. In 1834 he was hon- ored with a bishopric, and two years later was created a cardinal. Five years after this he was made the vicar- general of liis holiness the pope, whom he served most faithfully his life long. Patrizi had been instrumental in the election of Pius IX, and became the most devoted, laborious, and jjcrhaps important official, after Antonelli, in tliis ]iontilicatp. He was, however, the decided foe of