Peripatetic Philosophy. See Peripatetics.
Peripatetics was the name of a sect of philoso- phers at Athens who were tlie disciples of Aristotle. It is doubtful whether they received this name from the place where they were taught, called Perijiaion, in the Lyceum, or because they received the philosopher's lectures as they valked (Ti-ipiTraroi'i'Tti). The Peri- patetics acknowledged the dignity of human nature, and placed their summum bonnm not in the pleasures of passive sensation, but in the due exercise of the moral and intellectual faculties. The haliit of this exercise, when guided by reason, constituted the high- est excellence of man. The philosopher contended that our own happiness chiefly depends upon ourselves ; and while he did not require in his followers that self-command to which others pretended, he allowed a moderate degree of perturbation as becoming hu- man nature ; and he considered a certain sensibility of passion quite necessary, as by resentment we are enabled to repel injuries, and the smart which past calamities have inflicted renders us careful to avoid the repetition. See Philo Judasus, Opera, iv, 423 sq. ; Lewes, J/iit. of Philos. vol. ii ; Ueberweg, Hist, of Philos. i, 180 sq. ; Grote, Life of Ari iotle. See Aris- totle. (J. H.W.)
Perirrhanteria (Tripippai'-ijpio), fonts placed at the entrance of the ancient he^ithen temples, that tiiose who entered the sanctuary to prj}- or to offer sacrifice might first purify themselves.
Perisin (Persinus) or Penisim, Jacques, a French engraver, was born, according to Nagler, in 1530. In concert with Jean Tortorel, he designed and engraved, partly on wood and partly on copper, a set of twenty-four large piints to illustrate a History of the Wars of the Huguenots, 1559 to 1570. This book is exceedingl}' rare. Tiie copper plates are etched in a coarse and incorrect style ; tlie wooden cuts are executed with more attention, ^\'hen Peri- sin and Tortorel engraved in concert, they marked their prints with the second monogram. When Peri- sin engraved alone, he used tiie first monogram. Jlalpe attributes to the latter a series of Tritons and marine monsters, small pieces lengthways, marked with his monogram reversed. See Spooner, Lig. IH<t. of the Fine Arts, ii, 675, 676.
Peristerion (TrepirrTipt), a dove), the place over the altar where hung the silver dove, the emblem of the liolv Ghost. See Dove.
PERISTIA
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PERJURY
Peristia, a name for the victims sacrificed in a lustration among the ancient heathens.
Peristiarch, the officiating priest in a lustration or purification among the ancient Greeks, when they wished to purify the place where a public assembly was held. He received this name because he went before the lustral victims as they were carried around the boundary of the place. See Lustration.
Peristyle (-rrtpiaTvXov) is the name applied to a court, square, or cloister, in Greek and Eoman build- ings, with a colonnade around it; also the colonnade it- self surrounding such a space. In mediajval Latin it is called the Quadraporticus, and was the usual arrange- ment in Italy in front of the churches as well as in front of houses. The nearest approach to it in England is the Cloister (q. v.).
Peritzol. See Farissol.
Perizonius (the Latinized form of Voorhroclc), Jamks, a learned Dutch scholar, was born at Dam, in Holland, ill IGol. He studied at Deveiiter, and after- wards at Utrecht, under the learned Gnevius, and was successively made master of the Latin school at Delft, and professor of eloquence and history at Franeker. In 1G93 he was appointed professor of eloquence, his- tory, and Greek at Leyden, where he died in 1715. He was a man of extensive erudition, great applica- tion, and sound judgment. He edited several of the classics, and greatly enriched the classical lore of his age. He also published Origines Buhylonicce et ^-Erjyp- tiacas (Leyden, 1711, 2 vols. 8vo), a work in which he treats of the Egyptian chronology and antiquities. Of course more recent researches have wholly superseded his writings in this line, but his industry should not be ignored. Other works of his worthy of notice here are the treatise De morte Judm et verho nTTay\t(y^ai, etc. (1702): — De orif/ine, signijicaiione, et usu vocuni Prceforis et Prcetorii, veroque sensu loci ad Phil, i, 13 (1C87). See Uoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Per'izzite (Ileb. Perizzi', "^f "IS. always in the sing. and with the article ; Sept. ^tpt^cnoc, in Ezra 4>fjO£- o-3ti), a Canaanitish tribe, already known in the time of Abraham, inhabiting a mountainous region (Gen. xiii, 7; comp. xv, 20), which they eventually yielded to Ephraim and Judah (Josh, xi, 3; xvii, 15; Judg. i, 4, 5). They were kindred to the Canaanites strictly so called (E)xod. xxiii, 23; Judg. i, 45): sometimes Ca- naanites and Perizzites are put for all the other tribes of Canaan (Gen. xiii, 7; xxxiv, 30) ; while in other places the Perizzites are enumerated with various other tribes of the same stock (Gen. xv, 20; Exod. iii, 8, 17; Deut. vii, 1, etc.). They are not named in the cata- logue of Gen. X ; so that their origin, like that of other small tribes, such as the Avites, and the similarly named Gerizzites, is left in obscurity. They are continually mentioned in the formula so frequently occurring to express the Promised Land (Gen. xv, 20; Exod. iii, 8, 17; xxiii, 23; xxxiii, 2; xxxiv, 11 ; Deut. vii, 1 ; xx, 17 ; Josh, iii, 10 ; ix, 1 ; xxiv, 1 1 ; Judg. iii, 5 ; Ezra ix, 1; Neh. ix, 8). They appear, however, with somewhat greater distinctness on several occasions. On Abram's first entrance into the land it is said to have been occu- pied bj' " the Canaanite and the Perizzite" (Gen. xiii, 7). As the separatioji of Abram and Lot, there record- ed, took place at BetheJ, we may infer that the Periz- zites were then in that vicinity. Jacob also, after the massacre of the Sliechemites, uses the same expression, complaining that his sons had " made him to stink among the inhabitants of the land, among the Canaan- ite and the Perizzite" (xxxiv, 30). This seems to lo- cate the Perizzites near Shechem. So also in the de- tailed records of the conquest given in the opening of the book of Judges (evidently from a distinct source from those in Joshua), Judah and Simeon are said to have found their territory occupied by " the Canaanite and the Perizzite" (Judg. i, 4, 5), with Bezek (a place not