Perrault, Nicolas, a French theologian, was bom in Paris about 1611. Having been received doctor of the Sorbonne in 1052, lie was one of the seventy doctors excluded with Arnauld on the charge of Jansenism, Jan. 31, 1056. Perrault died at Paris in 1001. He pub- lished only. La JMorale des Jesuites,extraitesfid'element de leurs livres imprimes avec Vajiprobation et permission des superieurs de leur Compagnie (Mons, 1067, 4to, and 1669, 3 vols. 16mo) : — three Lettres to Dr. Hasle against sign- ing the Fortmilary, printed with the responses of the latter in a collection of pieces upon the Formularij, the bulls and constitutions of the popes. See Moreri, Diet. Hist. s. v. ; Niceron, Hem. vol. xxxiii, s. v. — Hoefer, Noiiv. Biog. Generale, xxxix, 626.
Perrenot de Gianvelle, Axtoine de, a noted French cardinal, was born at Besanc^on, Aug. 20, 1517; studied at the universities of Paris, Padua, an<l Louvain, and at twenty-three became bishop of Arras. Hay- ing exhibited great executive talent at the Council of Trent, he was made councillor of state, and upon the death of his father, Nicolas Perrenot, the prime-minister of Charles V, was himself elevated to that position. He
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soon ac(}iiircil much tlisliiiction, and became known all over the Continent. After the accession of Philip II, Perrenot continned in the premiership, but at the same time received recognition for his valuable services to the Church by being made in loOO archbishop of Va- lines, and in 1561 a cardinal. In IMo he was called to Pome to assist the conclave in the election of pope Pius V. In 1570 he was instrumental in eflecting a treaty against the Turks, which so benelited Naples that he \vas named viceroy of that territory. In 1584 he was elected archbishop of Besan(;on, and he thereupon re- signed the see of Malines. He died at Madrid Sept. 21, 1586. Cardinal Perrenot was one of the most eminent men of his time. He was marvellously successful in all that he undertook. In the State and in the Church he exhibited the same aptitude and power, and devel- oped his plans to perfect ion. Besides, he was a good man, and sought not to gratify a selHsh ambition, but to labor for his fellows and the religious faith he himself honestly avowed. He was a general favorite among his contemporaries, as is evinced by the many works that were dedicated to him by his many friends and proteges. Cardinal Perrenot was too busy to write many books; but his letters, which have been collected in 33 vols., with memoir, are much valued for the light they throw on the history of Charles Vand on the beau- tiful character of the cardinal himself. See Courchetet, Hist, clu Curd. Perrenot de Granvellc (Par. 1761) ; Robert- son, Hist. ofChmi'S V; Prescott. Ilixt. of Phil. II; Schil- ler, Gesch. d. Xiedirhindi-, vol. i, ]it. ii, ch. i. (J. II. W.)
Periier, FraiiQois, a French painter, was born at Macon, Burgundy, about 1590. His father was a gold- smith, and instructed him in the elements of design, but was unwilling that he should become a painter. Op- posed in his wishes, young Perrier left his native place, and, being without means of a livelihood, he became the conductor of a l)lind mendicant who was travelling to Italy, and in this way succeeded in reaching Rome. On arriving there he was emi)loyed by a picture-dealer to copy several paintings, and some of his copies were shown to Lanfranco, who encouraged him to persevere and admitted him to his school. After several years' residence at Rome, Perrier returned to France and passed some time at Lyons, where he painted the Decol- lation of St. John, a Holy Family, and other works for the cloister of the Carthusians. Not content with a provincial field for the exercise of his abilities, Perrier went to Paris, and associating himself with Vouet, was employed by him to paint from his design the chapel of the chateau de Chilly. Meeting with little encour- agement, he revisited Italy in 1635, and ajiplicd him- self to engraving the principal antique statues and bass- reliefs, also a number of plates after the Italian masters. After the death of Simon Vouet he returned to Paris in 1645, and was commissioned to paint the walls of the Hotel dc la Vrillierc (now the Bank of France). His pict- ures evince great warmth of imagination, but the design is often incorrect, the airs of his heads lack elegance and dignity, and his coloring is too dark. I'erricr was a member of the Academy, and died at Paris, according to D'Argenville, in 1G50. There are a numl)er of etchings by him, incorrectly and negligently designed, and exe- cuted in a slight, hasty style, usually marked Pima, or with his monogram. Among them are the following: A set of one hundred i)rints from anti(|ue statues, pub- lished at Rome; a set of fifty taken from the ancient bass-reliefs; ten plates of tiie Ani/eh in the Famesina, after Raftaelle; two plates of the Agxemhh/ of the Gods, and the Afarriarje of Ciijrid and Psyche, from the paint- ings l)y Kaffaelle in the Farnesina; the Communion of St. Jerome, after Agos. Caracci; the Flif/ht into Krjypt, after Agos. Caracci ; the Nativity, after S. Vouet, and the Portrait of Simon Vouet. Among sulijccts from his own designs are, the //"/'/ Fawily, villi St. .lohn playhuj with a Lamb; the Crucifjion (inscrilicd Franeiscus Perrier, Burgundy, pinx. et scul.) ; St. lioch cuniir/ the People ajffKcted tvith the I'layue; the Body of St. Sebas-