RICHER
20
RICHTER
his mausoleum (tlic celebrated Girardon's masterpiece) may be seen. Busy witli aflairs of state, witli war abroail, and dissension, ])lots, and treason at liome, Kiclielieu nevertlieless promoted arts and sciences, found- ed the Jardiu du Koi (now Jardin des I'laiites), also the French Academy and the royal iTrinting-oflice, built the Palais Koyal, and rebuilt the Sorboiuie. lie also found time to write several works and two plays — Minime, a comedy, and La Griinde Pastorale. He is regarded as the author of Memoiren du Cardinal de Richelieu (first published complete by Petitot [Paris, 1823]) -.—Le Tes- tament Politique (17154, 2 vols.) :— and of Le Journal de M. le Cardinal de Pichelieu (Amst. 1649, 2 vols.). His theological works are, La Defense des Principaux Points de la Foi Cat fiolique, etc. (X&M):—^ Instruction du Chre- tien (1()19). See Aubery, Memoires du Cardinal de Bichelieu ( IGlJO') ; .Jay, llistoire du .Vinistere de Richelieu ; Capetigue, Richelieu et Mazaiin (1836) ; Martin, Histoire de France ; ^lichelet, llistoire de France; Violart, His- toire du Ministere de Richelieu (1649) ; Caillet, L\4 dmin- istration en France sous Richelieu (1861, 2 vols.) ; Kob- son, Life of Cardinal Richelieu (1854) ; Sully, Memoires; Retz, Memoires. — Hoefer, Xouv. Biog. Generale.
Richer, Edmi'M), a noted defender of the liber- ties of the (Jallican Church against pajial absolutism, was born, of poor parents, in a village in Champagne in 1560. He became doctor in theology in 1590, and for a time devoted his energies to pulpit labors; but in 1594 he was made president of the College of Cardinal Le- moiue, and soon afterwards censor of the University of Paris, in whose faculty he tilled a theological chair. He undertook an edition of Gerson's works in 1605, the pub- lication of which was deleated by the papal nuncio liarherini (subsequently pope Urban VHI), and which called forth the violent conilemnation of (ierson's works by Bellarmine. Eicher's defence {Apologia pro J. Ger- sonio [1606]) was not published until after his death (Leyden, 1674, 4to); but Gerson's writings appeared in 1607. Appointed syndic of the theological faculty in the following year, he opposed the public defence of the theses on the infallibility of the pope; and, in response to the request of Nicholas de Verdun, the first president, he wrote the book Be Fcclesiastica et Politica Potestate, in which he developed the idea — always held by the Uni- versity of Paris — of the superiority of councils over the pope, and of the independence of secular governments in temporal tlnngs. This book brought on him the rage of the idtramontane party. He was dismissed from the university, his teachings were condemned by several provincial synods and the papal court, and he was prohibited from replying to the charges promulgated against him. He was even apjirehended, but again lib- erated on the demand of the university. A protracted contest with his enemies ensued, in which he was finally con(iuercd by cardinal Iticlielicu. He signed a retrac- tion at the jioint of the dagger of assassins hired to take his life. His death took place in 1631. See Haillet. Iai Vie d'Fdin. Richer (Amst. 1715, 12mo). — Herzog, Real- Encykliip. a. v.
Riches (the rendering in the A. Y. of several Heb. and ^'•T. words, especially "1w", TrXnvroc). The wealth of a pastoral people, such as the Hebrews in the patri- archal age, consisted chiefly in flocks and herds. Hence we (ind it assigned as a cause of the seiiaration of Esau and .Jacob that"' their riches were more than they might dwell togetlier; and the laud wliertin they were stran- gers coiHd not bear Ihem l)ecause of their cattle" ((Jen. xxxvi,8). It was not mitil the reign of Solomon that the .Iew« pos8ess<'d any al)nndance of the precious met- als; and as the nation never became commercial, its rich men must in all ages have been the great land-holders. Througlioiii tlie East the liolders of land have ever been remarkable for exacting very disproportionate shares of the profit from the actual cultivators (»f the soil, ami this is the reason why we find "the rich" .so often and so severely denounced in Scripture. Kichcs is frequent-
ly used in a metaphorical sense for intellectual endow- ments, and for the gifts and graces of (Jod's Holy Spirit, which constitute the treasure to be "laid up in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and steal."
Richey, Daniei>, a Methodist minister, was born in New .Jersey in 1797, and moved when quite young to the neighborhood of Cayuga Lake, N. Y. His connection with the travelling ministry began in the Pittsburgh Conference, 1829, and continued up to the time of the Erie Annual Conference, July, 1845, when he was placed in a superannuated relation, which continued until his death, March 25, 1855. In point of zeal, integrity, and fidelity to duty and principles, he had few equals. See Minutes of A nmial Conferences, 1855.
Richmond, Francis M., a Methodist preacher, was born in Herkimer County, N. Y., in 1803, and emi- grated to Indiana in 1817. Although reared under Bap- tist infiuence, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church at the age of twenty-five years. In 1836 he was admitted on trial into the travelling connection, and, with the exception of a temporary location under pressure of domestic circumstances, he labored faithful- ly to the close of life. His last appointment was to Greenfield Circuit, North Indiana Conference, but, after laboring a few months, was smitten down in the prime of life, in 1853. He was a sound theologian, and a powerful, practical, and experimental preacher.— J/j/;- utes of Annual Conferences, 1853, p. 283.