Richmond, Legh, an English clergyman, was born in Liverpool, Jan. 29, 1772. He graduated at Trin- ity College, Cambridge, in 1794, and was ordained in 1797. He became curate of Brading and Yaverland, in the Isle of Wight, in 1798, and, in 1805, chaplain to the Lock Hospital, London. In the same year he was pre- sented to the rectory of Turvey, Bedfordshire, w^hich he held until his death. May 8, 1827. Mr. Kichmond was the author of several tracts — The Dairyman's Daughter, The Negro Se)-va7U, The Young Co/Zfriypr— published sep- arately at first, but afterwards (1814) collected into two volumes 12mo, inider the title of A nnals of the Poor, Of The Dairyman's Daughter four millions of copies, in nineteen languages, had been circulated before 1849. He als<i edited The Fathers of the English Church (Lond. 1807-12,8 vols. 8vo), and published Domestic Portrait- ure : — Memoirs of his three children (9th ed. Lond. 1861, 8vo) ; — a Missionary Sermon (1809, 8vo), and a Memoir of Miss IJ. Sinclair.
Richmond, Paul C, a minister of the Methodist Episco]ial Church, was born in Barnard, Yt., where he passed his early matihood. He received license to preach in March, 1825, and soon after was received on trial into the New England Conference. After filling several ap- pointments in Yermont, he was in 1829 transferred to Maine Conference, where he did effective work until 1855, when failing health compelled him to take a su- peraniniated relation. He resided in Frysburgh, and continued to labor as his strength allowed. He died there. May 29, 1875. He was well versed in Scripture, apt in illustration, an alile and successful minister. See Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1876, p. 87.
Richter, Aemilius Lndwig, a distinguished teaclier of jurisprudence in Germany, who rendered es- pecially meritorious services in the department of cede-' siastical law. Kicliter was born at Stolpen, near Dres- den, on Feb. 15, IH08. and entered Leipsic University in 1826. After graduating, he became an advocate, and at once began to write in the field ofecclesiastical juris- prudence ; and he added to these functions those of a teacher in the university, at first as a tutor, and snb.se- quently, in 183.'), as extraordinary professor. His labors were already attracting notice by that time, and ob- tained for him the doctorate of laws from the University of Giiltingen, to which the University of Greifswald, twenty years later, added that of divinity. In 1838,
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Richter was made professor of ecclesiastical and civil law in the University of Marburg. Eight years of quiet but productive labors were spent in that station, and he was then transferred to the High-school at Ber- lin, where he entered on a career which made him felt throughout Germany within the limits of his chosen tield. His studies were given to the world in numer- ous writings, and the conclusions reached by him were brought to bear in the administration of the Department of Religion, under whose ministry he held various im- portant posts; and his thorough learning, and fair yet conscientious spirit, gave him a commanding position with reference to Church laws and methods of adminis- tration, not onlj' in Prussia, but in many other German lands. Few laws were passed relating to the churches, and few changes in their administration introduced, dur- ing the period of his connection with the government, in respect to which he did not exert a more or less de- termining influence. He died, after a long and severe illness, ]May 8, 1864.
The attitude of Richter towards the ecclesiastical is- sues of his time was largely determined by the principle, fundamental in his view, that the jits circa sacra be- longs inseparably to the State as a moral power. He believed it wise that the State should allow freedom of action to the Church within its own appropriate tield ; but insisted that for the regulation of mixed questions, for the restraining of ecclesiastical intrusions into the secular realm, for the repression of notoriously aggres- sive and thoroughly organized religious parties, e. g. the Order of the Jesuits; for the protection of the rights of one ecclesiastical organization as against the encroach- ments of others, etc., the right of sovereigntj^ must be retained by the State. He was accordingly opposed to the course of the Raumer ministry, which simply ig- nored the necessity for restraining the unconstitutional demands of the Roman Catholic Church, in consequence of which the Jesuits flooded the western provinces of Prussia, and formed settlements without corporate titles as required by law, and even without coming under any kind of legal supervision. He was also opposed to the concordats concluded between several states and the pope, as being radically wrong. With regard to the evangelical churches of Germany, Richter condemned the territorial no less than the episcopal system, and fa- vored that in which the sovereign prince is endowed with authority, while the Church itself is thoroughly organized into congregations (not parishes), presbyter- ies, and synods. The merit of Richter as a writer on ecclesiastical law consists in his having based his works on a wide collection of previously unused material as well as that to which reference was ordinarily made, and on a profound investigation of all the sources at command, and also in the absolute fairness of his spirit. These qualities appear as clearly in his works on Roman Cath- olic law as elsewhere. His earliest publication, the Cor- pus Juris Canonici (1833-39), is the best edition of that book extant. Other early books are, Beitrdge zur Kennt- niss d. kanon. Rechts (Leips. 1834) : — De Tnedif. Decretal. Coll. Lipsiensi (Lips. 1836). In connection with Schulte he also published a large edition of the Canones et I)e- cret. Cone. Tricletitini (ibid. 18.o3). An epochal book in its department was his Lehrbuch des katkol. und evangel. Kirchenrechts, etc. (Leips. 1842 ; 6th posthumous ed. 1865); and similar importance attaches to the collection entitled Die evariyel. Kirchenordmmgen d. \^ien Jahrhun- derts, etc. (Weimar, 1846, 2 vols.). — Herzog, Real-En- cyklop. s. V.