ROHAN
65
ROHR
returned to Friboiirg, where he lectured on dogmatics; aiut in 1847 he was appointed to a prol'essorsliip at Lu- cerne, which he hekl only for a short time, being obliged to leave the country. He now went from place to place as a inissionarj' preacher, rinding everywhere a large congregation eager to listen to his powerfid orator}'. In 185G he occupied the theological chair at Paderborn and Maria-Laach, and in 18G0 he represented the bishop of Paderborn at the provincial council at Cologne. In 1866 he again resumed preaching, and in 1869 he accom- panied the bishop of Paderborn to the Vatican council at Home. He died May 17, 1872. He wrote. Die Grund- irrlhiimer uiuerer Zeit ( Fribourg, 1865 ) : — Das alte Lied: der Zweckheiligt die Mittel (ibid. 1869, etc.). See Regenshuryer Conversations-Lexikou, s. v. ; Literariscker Ilandiceiser, 1872, p. 212. (B. P.)
Rohan, Armand de, called the Cardinal de Sou- bise. grand-nephew of Gaston, was born at Paris, Dec. 1, 1717. In 1736 he became abbe of St. Epore, and in 1737 abbe of Lure and Murback. INIarcli 21, 1739, he was elected rector of the faculty of arts at Paris, and in 1741 he was made doctor of the Sorbonne and member of the French Academy. Cardinal Rohan procured his ap- jiointment as his own coadjutor, with the title of bishop of Ptolemais. Benedict XIV created him cardinal April 10, 1747, when he took the title of Cardinal de Soubise, to distinguish himself from his grand-uncle ; but he never went to Rome to receive the cardinal's hat. At the death of cardinal Rohan, he succeeded him in the see of Strasburg and in the office of grand almoner. He (lied at Saverne June 28, 1756. This prelate was dis- tinguished for his charity, zeal, and sweet and simple manner. — Hoefer, Xoitv. Biory. Generale, s. v.
Rohan, Armand- Gaston -Maximilien de,
Cardinal, was born at Paris, June 26, 1674. In 1690 he was canon of Strasburg, and in 1701 was chosen co- adjutor of the prince-bishop Egon of Furstenberg, with the title of bishop of Tiberias in pai-tibus. After the death of his superior he was titulary of the diocese, in 1712 became cardinal, and grand almoner in 1713. He held several rich abbeys, and, without anj- literary quali- fications whatever, was elected member of the French Academy. He was also master of the Sorbonne. By vir- tue of his birth, fortune, and high office, he took an im- portant part in the negotiations for peace in the Church of France which occupied the latter part of the reign of Louis XIV; and his connection with father Tellier, con- fessor to the king, and with the cardinal de Bissy, bish- op of Meaux, made him one of the chiefs of the jMolinist party. In the assembly of the clergy of 1713 he used all possible means to gain their acceptance of the papal bull Unigenitus, and gained his cause during the next year. During the regency he endeavored to bring about a reconciliation among the bishops, and per- suaded fort}' to sign an accommodation, which ended their quarrels. His library was one of the greatest in France, and was under the charge of the learned abbe Oliva. Cardinal Rohan died at Paris Jidy 19, 1749. The only work of any account which he left is Eiluule Argeniinense {^tx&shuTg, 1742). See Gallia Christiana. — Hoefer, Nom\ Biog. Generale, s. v.
Rohan, Armand Jules de, archbishop of Rheims, was born at Paris, Feb. 10, 1695. At an early age he en- tered tiie chapter of Strasburg, received in 1715 the ab- bey of Gard, and in 1730 that of (Jorze. As the con- clavist of cardinal Rohan, he assisted in the election of Innocent XIII, and was afterwards made bishop of Rheims (ISIay 22, 1722). He was very active in favor of the bull Unigenitus, After consecrating Louis XV, he took a seat in Parliament as the rirst ecclesiastical peer, and gradually gave over the care of his diocese to vicars under the title of bishops in partibus. He died at Saverne Aug. 28, 1762. He published Breviai-ium Remense (Charleville, 1759). — Hoefer, A^oj/y. Biog. Gene- rate, s. V.
Rohan, Ferdinand-Maximilien-Meriadec, IX.— E
Prince of Gnemene, hroihet of Louis, was born at Paris, Nov. 7, 1738. He studied at tiie Sorbonne, was prior of the faculty of theology, and received the degree of doctor. He was grand provost of the chapter of Strasburg and abbe of Mouzon, when in 1759 Louis XV gave him the archbishopric of Bordeaux. In 1781 he was transferred to the diocese of Cambrai, in 1790 was made regent of the |)rincipality of Liege, and took the civil oath. He returned to Cambrai in 1791, where he remained until 1801, when he resigned the archbishop- ric and became grand almoner to the empress Jose- phine. He died at I'aris Oct. 30, 1813.— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Rohan, Louis-Rene-Edouard, Prince of Gue- mene, a French prelate, was born at Paris, Sept. 25, 1734. His education was carried on at the College of Plessis and the Seminary of Saint-Magloire. In 1760 he was elect- ed coadjutor to his uncle, the bishop of Strasburg. with the title of bishop of Canopus inpartibns, in which po- sition he showed more love for pleasure than zeal in re- ligious exercises. Made member of the French Acad- emy in 1761, he was in 1772 sent as ambassador to Vien- na. Here he was at first received with great favor, but by his extravagant mode of life and interference in political affairs he fell under the displeasure of Maria Theresa, and at her request was recalled to France in 1774. After his return he was appointed grand almo- ner, in 1778 was made cardinal, and later master of the Sorbonne and bishop of Strasburg. In addition to these honors, he held several rich abbeys, but his large fortune was not in any way adeipiate to his scandalous luxury. In 1785 he was arrested and imprisoned in the Bastile for the part he had taken in the affair of the diamond necklace, which so gravely compromised Marie Antoi- nette. The friends of Rolian were indignant at the government, the clergy protested against his imprison- ment, and at his trial he was finally acquitted, without even an expression of blame for his evident misconduct. But he could not recover from the disgrace of his dis- missal from court, and retired to his diocese of Stras- burg, where he lived in comparative quiet for a few years. In 1789 he was deputy of the clergy of Hagenau to the States-general, but, being accused of disloyal con- duct, resigned his seat. In order to be out of the juris- diction of the French government, he retired to a part of his diocese beyond the Rhine, and finally, in 1801, in consequence of the concordat, resigned the bishopric of Strasburg entirel}-. He died at Ettenheim, Feb. 17, 1803. The cardinal de Rohan was a man of fine ap- pearance and agreeable manners. It is not to be denied that he had a fine triind and great amiability, but he possessed no judgment, put no check upon his passion.s or conduct, and was weak and easily led by favorites. See Memoire de I'Abbe Geoi-gel; Levis, ISouvenirs. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v.