Rolin, Jean, Cardinal, was born in 1408, At twen- ty-two he was canon and archdeacon. In 1431 he be- came bishop of Chalons, which see he exchanged in 1436 for that of Autun. He obtained the purple in 1449, and continued to add to the number of his bene- fices and lived in luxury. He gained possession by fraudulent means of the abbej' of St. Martin at Autun in 1451, built the cathedral in that place and also the one at Chalons, both of which he enriched with works of art. He was confessor to the dauphin, afterwards Louis XI. He died at Auxerre July 1, 1483. See Per- ry, Hist, de Chalons, — Hoefer, Xouv. Biog, Generale, s. v.
Roll (n^jp, megillah' ; Sept. KSipaXie: but in Ezra vi, 1, the Chalcl. ^20, sephdr, a hook, as elsewhere ren- dered: in Isa. viii, 1, "j'T^-i*, gilhiyon, a tablet, once of a mirror, iii, 23). A book in ancient times consisted of a single long strip of paper or parchment, which was usu- ally kept rolled up on a stick, and was unrolled when a person wished to read it. See Book. Hence arose the term megilldh, from yaldl, "to roll," strictlj^ answering to the Latin volumen, whence comes our volume ; hence also the expressions, " to spread" and " roll together" (in Heb. iU^Q [2 Kings xix, 14] and ?PJ [Isa. xxxiv, 4] : in Gr. aimTrrvnauv and TrrtVceii' [Luke iv, 17, 20]), instead of "to open" and "to shut" a book. The full expression for a book was " a roll of writing," or "a roll of a book" (Jer. xxxvi, 2; Psa. xl, 7; Ezek. ii, 9), but occasionally " roll" stands by itself (Zech. v, 1, 2 ; Ezra vi, 2). The KtipciKiQ of the Sept. originally referred to the ornamental knob (the lanbiUeiis of the Latins) at the top of the stick or cylinder round which tlie roll was wound. The use of the term jnegilldh implies, of course, the existence of a soft and pliant material : what this material was in the Old-Test, period we are not in- formed; but, as a knife was required for its destruction (Jer. xxxvi, 23), we infer that it was parchment. The roll was usually written on one side only (Mishna, I'Jrub. 10, § 3), and hence the particular notice of one that was
"written within and without" (Ezek. ii, 10). The writ- ing was arranged in columns, resembling a door in shape, and hence deriving their Hebrew name (rirb'n, leaves), just as "coltmin," from its resemblance to a co- lumna, or pillar. It has been asserted that the term megillah does not occur before the 7th century B.C., be- ing first used by Jeremiah (Hitzig, in Jer. xxa-ci, 2); and the conclusion has been drawn that the use of such materials as parchment was not known until that period (Ewald, Gesc/i. i, 71, note; Gesenius, Thesuur. p. 289). This is to assume, perhaps too confidently, a late date for the composition of Psa. xl, and to ignore the collat- eral evidence arising out of the exjjression "roll to- gether" used by Isaiah (xxxiv, 4), and also out of the probable reference to the Pentateuch in Psa. xl, 7, •' the roll of the book," a copy of which was deposited by the side of the ark (Dent, xxxi, 26).— Smith. The "book of Esther is specially designated by the Hebrew term Megilluh. See Megillotii.
Roll-moulding. This term has been popularlv, but very incorrectly, given to a moulding much used in Decorated and late Early English work, especially in strings and dripstones. Its varieties are numerous, and though some of them bear resemblance to a roll of parchment, others are very different. Some of these varieties, in which the square fillet is more decidedly marked, have been called the "roll and fillet moulding." It is sometimes called the scroll-moulding, from its re- semblance to a scroll of paper or parchment with the edge overlapping. The name of roll-moulding is often applied to the common round, or boivtell. — Parker, Glos- sary of Architecture, s. v.
Roll and Fillet.
String, Dorchester, Oxfordshire.
Rolle, JoHANN Heinrich, a German composer of church music, was born at Quedlinburg in 1718. He was the successor of his father as director of music at Magdeburg in 1752. He died in 1785, Among his principal works are the oratorios Death of Abel and Abraham on Mount Moriah.
Roller (Ezek. xxx, 21), chittul, b^lHtl, a bandage, so called from being wrapjyed around a broken limb to keep the fractured parts in place till healed. So Rosen- milller explains the figure (Scholia, ad loc). The roller, in surgery, is a long fillet or strip of muslin or other webbing rolled upon itself in a cylindrical form, em- ployed to give mechanical support in many of the dis- eases and injuries to which the human body is liable. In the case of a broken arm, the surgeon brings the fragments of the bone together in normal position, and next places the limb in splints or stays lined with cot- ton, wool, or other soft material, to protect the flesh against unequal pressure, and then secures the wliolc by firmly winding the roller round and round the liml) over the stays, so as to maintain the broken ends of the bone in coaptation until the process of ossific reunion is completed. The familiar manner of this incidental ref- erence shows that the practice of the present enlight- ened surgery was known to the profession in the days of Ezekiel. The name used to designate this liandage not only implies the form giving the greatest facility to