The career of Sachs falls in the most prosperous pe- riod of Nuremberg's historj-, and covers the Avhole epoch of the Reformation. Among his townsmen were Diirer, Vischer, Ebner, Spengler, and Osiander. When Luther began to preach, he warmly welcomed the new epoch, and called the reformer the "Wittenberg nightingale." Throughout his fruitful life he labored, directl}' or in- directly, to promote the new doctrines, and to promote honor and purity among the people. His poetic pro- ductiveness began with his return to Nuremberg, in his twentj'-fourth year. Thenceforth his fertility is almost marvellous, and comparable only to that of the Spanish poet Lope de Vega. His works embraced thirty-four folio volumes. In 1567 he estimated the number of his poems, short and long, at 6048, and nearly 600 were subsequently added. They were written upon all pos- sible subjects — history-, sacred and profane ; fable, clas- sic and Gothic; civic life and domestic; animals, birds, and fishes; and in every style — tragedy, comedy, farce, epic, didactic, lyric, elegiac, and descriptive. The greater part of these poems were designed not for the press, but to be used b}' players in MS., and to be sung on special occasions. The first complete collection of his approved poems appeared at Augsburg, in 3 vols, fol., from 1558 to 1561. A larger edition, at the same place, in 5 vols, fol., in 1570-79. A selection of his better pieces appeared at Nuremberg in 1781, also in 3 vols. ; ibid, in 1816-24; still another, in 2 vols., in 1856; still another in the 4th, 5th, and 6th vols, of the Deutsche Dichter des 16. Jahrhmulerts, by Goedeke and Tittmann (Leips. 1870-74). During the dry dogmatic period of the 17th century, Sachs was quite neglected, but Wieland and Goethe brought him again into good repute. A monu- ment was erected to him at Nuremberg in 1874. See Ranisch, Lehensheschreihimg Hans Sachsens (Altenburg, 1765); Hoffmann, //«?w,S'«c/;« (Nuremberg, 1847); Her- zog, Real-EncyU. xx, 636, 653. (J. P. L.)
Sachs, Marcus, professor of Hebrew and exeget- ical theology, was born of Jewish parentage at Inovratz- lav, in the duchy of Posen, June 13, 1812. He received his early education at Berlin, in the house of an uncle, who sent him to the gymnasium, where Homer became his delight. Having passed his examination, he entered the university, and gave himself to the study of French literature. Voltaire became his idol. The career of a rabbi was closed to him ; and as for a position in any public office, the government of Prussia in those days was not liberal to men of his opinions. As trade also was not to his mind, he determined in 1842 to go to England. After a short sojourn in London he came to Edinburgh, and here it was that, through the instrumentality of the late Dr.John Brown, this Jewish freethinker was brought to Christ. M'hcn he had made his public profession, he betook himself to the study for the ministry, and at- tended the lectures of Dr. Chalmers. Having obtained license as a preacher, he was appointed tutor in Hebrew to the Free Church Divinity Hall in Aberdeen. After having filled the office of tutor for some years, he was raised to the status and obtained the title of professor of Hebrew and exegetical theology. For nearly thirty years he held this honorable position, until he was called home, Sept. 29, 1869. See Marcus Sachs: In Memoriam (Aberdeen, 1872) ; Delitzsch, Saal auJ'Hoffnung (1875), xii, 41 sq. (B. P.)
Sachs, Michael, a German rabbi, was bom at
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Great-Glogau, Sept. 3, 1808. Owing to his distinguished talents both as a Biblical scholar and a preacher, he was invited to become rabbi preacher of the new temple at Prague in 1836, whicli office he occupied till 1844, when lie was appointed rabbinate assessor to the Jewish com- munity at Berlin, where he remained till his death, Jan. ijl, 1864. He published a Gerinau translation of the Psalms, with annotations (Berlin, 1836) : — Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judf/es, iSamuel, Isaiah, Joel, Amos, IJahakkuk, Zephaniah^ Hagyai, Malachi, the Psalms, ike Song of Songs, and Lamentations, as tcell as part of Jeremiah, translated from the Hebrew into German, embodied in the Twenty-four Books of Holy Scripture according to the Massoretic Text, edited by Zunz, Arnheim, Flirst, and Sachs (ibid. 1838) : — Die religiose Poesie der Juden in Sjmnien (ibid. 1845) : — Stimmen vom Jordan und Eu- phrat (ibid. 1853); — Beit rage zur Sprach- und Alter- thumsforschung ( ibid. 1852 - 54, 2 vols. ) : — Festival Prayers of the Israelites, the Hebrew text with a Ger- man translation and notes (ibid. 1856-57, 9 vols.) : — Dai- ly Prayer-hook, the Hebrew text with a German trans- lation (ibid. 1858) : — and finally, Sermons (ibid. 1867-69, 2 vols., ed. by Dr. D. Kosin), besides a number of valu- able essays, published in the Kerem-Chemed (ibid. 1856, new ser. vol. ix). See Flirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 190 sq. ; Kitto, Cyclop), s. v.; Geiger, Jiidische Zeitschriff, 1863, p. 263 sq. ; Frankel, Monatsschrift, 1864, p. 115 sq. ; 1866, p. 301 sq. ; Griitz, (jeschichte der Juden, xi, 671 sq. ; Cassel, Leitfaden der jUdischen Literatur, p. 114 sq. ; Jew- ish Messenger (N. Y.), Aug. 27, 1875. (B. P.)
Sachse, Christian Friedrich Heinrich, D.D., a German Protestant theologian, was born July 2, 1785, at Eisenberg, in Saxe-Altenburg. Having finished his studies at Jena, he was in 1812 appointed deacon in Meuselwitz, near Altenburg. In 1823 he was made court preacher at Altenburg, in 1831 member of con- sistory, and in 1841 his alma mater honored him with the theological doctorate. In February, 1860, he was obliged, through bodily infirmities, to retire from his important position, and on October 9 he was called to liis home. Sachse wrote several very fine hymns, two of which are also translated into English — Wohlavf! wohlan! zum letzten Gang, sung at his own funeral (in Hymns from the Land of Luther [p. 108], " Come forth ! come on with solemn song!"), and Lebwohl, die Erde wartet dein (ibid. p. 154, "'Beloved and honored, fare thee well !"). See Koch, Gesch. des deutschen Kirchenliedes, vii, 22, 76 ; Knapp, Evangel. Liederschatz, p. 1342, s. v. (B. P.)