Sade, Pons de, a French prelate. He was first professor in the University of Avignon, and in 1445 was made bishop of Vaison. He died at Vaison in 1469.
Sade, Richard de, a French ecclesiastic, was suc- cessively chamberlain of pope Urban VIII, vice-govern-
SADEEL
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SADOLETO
or of Tivoli and Ravenna, and after 1G60 bishop of Ca- vaillon. He died at Kome, June '27, 1663.
Sadeel, Astoixe. one of the promoters of the Ref- ormation, was born, 1534, at the castle of Chabot, in the Maconnais. At the age of twenty he was invited to preach to a congregation of the Reformed at Paris. At- tacked by the ))riests, he was employed b\' the Protest- ants to draw up a vindication, was imprisoned the next year, 1558, but was released by the king of Navarre. He went to Orleans, where, in 1562, he prosi(\ed at a national synod. He then went to IJerne, and finally to Geneva, where, from 1589, he labored as preacher and professor of Hebrew until liis death, Feb. 23, 1591. He wrote against the Jesuits, Snphiimdtn F. Turriani, etc. (1577): — Index Repetitiomun Turriani (1583, 8vo) : — Ue Lec/i- tima yocaiione Pastorum Ecclesia Reformaio', (1583, 8vo) : — Response a In Profession de Foy (1593, 8vo) : — Opera Theolorjica (1592, fol.).
Sadhyas, in Hindu mythology, arc demi-gods, all of whom are descended from the first jMcnu.
Sadir Jug, in Hindu mythology, is a period in Hindil chronology which embraces four world-periods, or twelve thousand divine years of three hundred and sixty solar years each.
Sadleir, Fkaxcis, D.D., provost of Trinity College, Dublin, from 1837 until his death in 1851, was a lineal descendant of Sir Ralph Sadleir. His Sermons and Lei^tures {Donellan Leciin-es) were published in Dublin (1821-22, 2 vols. 8vo).
Sadler, Anthony, D.D., chaplain to Charles H, died about 1680. His published works are, Inquisitio Anglicana (Lond. 1654, 4to) : — The Loyal Mourner (1660, 4to) : — The Subject's Joy for the Ki?if/s Resto- ration : a Masque (1660, 4to) : — Stran<]e News Indeed (1664, 4to) : — Schema Sacrum, etc. (1683). Also single Sermons. See Bliss's Wood, A then. Oxon. iii, 1267.
Sadler, John, an English divine and author, who died 1595, is known principally by his work, Sacred Records of the History of Christ (Lond. 8vo).
Sadler, Michael Thomas, an English states- man and |)hilanthropist, was a native of Snelston, Der- byshire, and was born in 1780. He was for some time a merchant of Leeds, was member of Parliament for Newark-upon-Trent, 1829-30, and in 1831 for Aldbor- ough, Yorkshire. He was noted for his philanthropic interest on behalf of the agricultural poor and children in factories, and his opposition to Roman Catholic emancipation and parliamentary reform. He died in 1835. The following arc some of his principal works : Ireland: its Evils and Remedies (Lond. 1828, 8 vo) : — Speech in the House <f Commons on the Roman Catholic Relief Hill, IMarch 17, 1829 ; Second Speech, March 30, 1829 (Lond. 1829),
Sa'doc, the Greek form of the name Z.vdok (q. v.) in the Apocrypha and New Test.
1. (Vulg. Sadoch, the (Jreek original being lost). The high-priest Zadok (2 Esdr. i, 1) ; one of Ezra's an- cestors (Ezra vii, 2),
2. (i;aC(u(c,Vulg. 6Vk/oc). The son (great-grandson) of Azor and father of Achim (Matt.i, 14) in Christ's an- ccstr}-, B.C. cir. 220. Sec Gii.NKALOGY (of Ciiiust).
SadoletO, Jacopo, a Roman cardinal and bishop, noted fur bis learning, ability, purity, and liberality, born at Modona iu 1177. His father, a professor at Pisa, then at Ferrara, gave him an excellent education. While yet a mere youth he heard lectures on Aristotle, and was introduced to the riches of classical literature. Philosoj)hy and eloquence were liis favorite studies; and Aristotle and Cicero his masters. His first publi- cation was I'hilosophicfe Consolaliones et Meditationes in Adversiis (1502). He also made a promising start in poetry, as his De Cajo Curtio and I)e Laocoontis Sta- tua testify. On leaving the university he went to Rome, and soon won the esteem of all scliolars and of several eminent prelates. Cardinal Caraffa had him
made a canon of San Lorenzo, a place which he held until 1517. Leo X, on his accession, chose Sadoleto and Peter Bembo as his secretaries. In this position Sadoleto rendered his Church faithful services and won great reputation. In 1517, while on a pilgrimage to Loretto, he was appointed bishop of Carpentras, near Avignon. After vainly declining this honor, he ac- cepted it, and fultilled its duties with exemplary dili- gence. Leo's successor, Adrian VI, did not esteem him so highly as Leo. But Clement TH recalled him to Rome — a call which he accepted on condition of being permitted to return to his see after three years. He now became one of Clement's most trusted counsellors, and exerted a very beneficent influence. But he en- deavored in vain to dissuade the pope from his league against Charles V (1526). Foreseeing the calamities which would result, he begged to be permitted to retire to his diocese. Scarcely twenty days after his depart- ure, Rome was sacked and the pope a prisoner. He now gave his earnest attention to the management of his diocese, removing unworthy pastors, appointing faithful ones, establishing schools, and endeavoring to make the Reformation unnecessary by removing abuses. Here he came into correspondence with some of the most eminent Protestants — IMartin Bucer, John Sturm, and Melancthon. He appreciated the motives of the Reformers; but he regarded their doctrine of justifica- tion by faith alone as an excessive statement of a good Catholic doctrine, and as liable to Antinomian abuse. His position was that of a mediator; and to all perse- cution of the Protestants he was utterly opposed. Dur- ing his stay at Carpentras he entered afresh upon liter- ary labors. Here he Avrote a work on education : De Libei'is recte Instituendis (Ven. 1533 ; new ed. Paris, 1855) and a commentary. In Pauli Fpistoknn ad Ro- 7nanos (Yen. 1535). This commentary is his most im- portant doctrinal utterance. His purpose was to pre- sent the general Catholic doctrine on faith, good works, justification, predestination, and free will. He mainly followed Chrj-sostom and Theophylact, and opposed the determinism of Augustine. Man is not passive in the process of regeneration, but must personally co-oper- ate with the grace of God. Faith and good works are inseparable; but works without faith are of no worth. In so far as he opposed justification by faith alone, he opposed only its abuse. He also opposed the excessive fasts and asceticism of the Roman Church. The book was severely censured at Rome. Sadoleto modified some of its utterances, and issued a new edition in 1,536. At this period he wrote also an Interpretutio of some of the Psalms. On the accession of Paul III, Sadoleto was called to Rome to give counsel as to measures of Church reform. The pope now raised him to the cardinalate (1536), retained him at Rome, and charged him with preparations for the contemplated Council of Trent. In 1538 he attended the pope when he met Charles V at Nice. Here he labored to bring about a peace between the emperor and Francis I. An armistice liaving been effected, he obtained permission to retire to his bishop- ric. Here he wrote his elegant work De Philosophia. In 1539 he wrote his celebrated Episiolam ad Senatum Populumque Genevensem, an eloquent and affectionate ajipeal to the Gcnevese Protestants, whom he styles "his beloved brethren in Christ," to return into the unity of the Church. Here he also began his irenical work, De Exstructione Cath. Eccl. At this period he gave a signal proof of his Christian liberality. Francis I had issued an order of persecution against all dissent- ers in Provence ; thereupon some of them drew up a statement of their belief, sent it to Sadoleto, and asked his intercession. He candidly made the examination, suggested a few changes, and promised to use his ut- most endeavors to rescue them from persecution. War breaking out afresh between Francis I and Charles V, Sadoleto was called to Rome (1542) to act as peace commissioner. This work done, he retired for a few months to Carpentras; but in the summer of 1543 he