all. Even yet he did not entirely escape persecution and abuse ; but he bore it all with the greatest pa- tience, holding as his motto the words of the prophet (Jer. XXX, 15), " In spe et silentio erit fortitudo ves- tra." While Napoleon accused him of being a bigoted papist, the pope distrusted him and refused to confirm him as bishop of Augsburg. Accused of mysticism and of fraternization with Protestants, he published, in 1820, a detailed defence of all that he had done or taught, and submitted the whole to the judgment of the po|)e, " Ad- lowing the example of the great Fenelon." This docu- ment did not fully satisfy Pome, and it was oidy after considerable negotiation that the king of Bavaria ob- tained papal consent to his ecclesiastical proferment. In 1821 he was made prebendary of Patisbon, and in 1822 vicar-general and coadjutor of the aged bishop Von Wolf; at the same time he was made bishop in pa/'ti- bus of Gcrmanicopolis. With great conscientiousness he now entered upon the weighty duties of this great diocese of Patisbon. Everywhere he endeavored to look into matters with his own eyes, and to correct all abuses to the extent of his ability. He held regular meetings with all his clergy, and endeavored to im- prove the popular education. In 1829 he became in name what he had long been in reality, bishop of Patis- bon. Three years later he died at the age of eightj'- one. A complete edition of his works was published b}' J. Widmer (Sulzb. 1830-42) in forty volumes. Among them the following deserve special mention : Briefe avs alien Jahrhunderten (1800-4): — Gitindlehren der Relie/ion : — Moralpkilosophie : — Ei-ziehmitj fib- Erzie- her: — Die Weiskeit avf der Gasse : — Pastorallheologie : — and many sermons and addresses. Though lacking in profound speculative power, Sailer's writings have yet had a very wide and very stimulating influence. He has been compared to Herder, but he had far more re- spect than Herder for the objective fruit of ecclesias- tical thought. He endeavored in all things to practice the maxim In necessariis vnitas, in diihiis libertas, in omnibus ca7ilas. Of a school of theology as spring- ing from Sailer, we cannot properly speak. He did not leave a school, but only a spiritual impulse. He was of decidedly irenical tendency. Full of Christian love, his ideal was a " mild orthodoxy," equally opposed to ra- tionalism, on the one hand, and to a stiff, arid, Poman orthodoxy, on the other. Among the most eminent fol- lowers of Sailer was ]Melcliior Diepenbrock (1798-1851), his companion at Patisbon, and subsequently prince- bishop of Breslau and cardinal-priest. See Hagenbach, Church in the 18//« and 19//i Centmies ; but especially Herzog, Real-Encykl. xiii, 305-313. (J. P. L.)
Sailly, TiiojiAS, a Belgian theologian, was born at Brussels in 1553, where he died in 1C23. At the age of seventeen, having been already ordained priest, he went to Pome to enter the Society of Jesus. When hardly out of his novitiate, he was sent by Gregorj' XIII on an embassy to the czar Ivan. On account of his health he was recalled, and became confessor to prince Alexander of I'arma. In 1597 he was made superior of a military mission, and in IGOG he went to Pome as procurator-gen- eral of the Belgian provinces. In 1G20 he took part as missionarj' in the campaign of Spinola. He was the author of works in Latin, Flemish, and French : Guidon et Pratique Spirituelle du Soldat Chretien (1590) -.—Nar- ratio Itineris Fr. de Mendoza, A Imirantii A raffonirr, in Legatione sua (1598): — Thesaurus Litanarum ac Ora- tionum Sacer ( 1 598) : — Den nieiren Moi-ghemrekh- ;■ ( 1 (> 1 2) . He also translated several religious treatises into his na- tive language. — Iloefer, Kouv. Biorj. Generale, s. v.
Saint, an epithet applied to (1) a person eminent for piety and virtue: (2) a consecrated or sanctified per- son. There are two words in the Hebrew Scripture used to express the above, both of which are rendered in our translation by the single expression Saint. "l^pH, chasid (like the Gr. ijiioe), denotes a mental quality; its most certain acceptation being pious, just, godly, etc. It is
SAINT
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SAINT JOHN
spoken of pious Hebrews (Psa. iv, 3 ; xxx, 4 ; xxxi, 23 ; xxxvii, 28; 1, 5; Hi, 9; Ixxix, 2; xcvii, 10; cxvi, 15). Ou the other liaiid, Unp, kadosh, and also the Greek word liyioc, signifies pure, clean, in reference to physi- cal purity and cleanliness ; they are also used of moral purity, holi/, halloa-ed, sacred — applied to per- sons consecrated to the service of God : the priests (^ICxod. xxviii, 41 ; xxix, 1 ; Lev. xxi, G ; 1 Sara, vii, 1 ; 1 Pet. ii, 5) ; the first-born (Exod. xiii, 2 ; Luke ii, 23 ; Horn, xi, IG); and the people of Israel (Exod. xix, 10, 14; Isa. xiii, 3); prophets and apostles (Luke i, 70; Acts iii, 21 ; 2 Pet. i, 21 ; Eph. iii, 5) ; the jnous Israel- ites, the saints (Deut. xxxiii, 3; Psa. xvi, 3; xxxiv, 9; Ixxxix, 5, 7; Zech. xiv, 5; Dan. vii, 18, 21, 25, 27; JIatt. xxvii, 52) ; and the angels (Job v, 1 ; xv, 15 ; Dan. viii, 13; Matt. XXV, 31; 1 Thess. iii, 13). The lat- ter Greek word is also used of those who are purified and sanctified by the Holy Spirit; and as this is as- sumed of all wlio profess the Christian name, Christians are called saints (Acts ix, 13, 14, 32,41 ; xxvi, 10; Kora. i, 7; viii, 27). It may here be observed that the He- brew word for a consecrated prostitute is iTir'l|!r', hede- skd/i, derived from iTTp, kadvs/i, in its signification of separated, dedicated, because such women among idol- aters were devoted to the service of the temples of their false deities, particularly those of Venus, and to the an- cient priests of Bel, or Belus. Of such female devotees, instances are to be found in the present day attached to the Hindii temples.