SALARY
252
SALCAH
St. Paiii i, 109; Lewin, St. Paul, i, 120 sq. On the coins of Salaniis, sec Eckliel, iii, l^i.
Salary (Lat. salarium, salt-mone>j, salt being part of the pay of the Roman soldier), an annual or periodi- cal payment for services. Nothing like the provisions of the Levitical law, for the maintenance of tlie clergy, was known in the primitive Church. The duty, how- ever, of the Church to maintain her religious teachers is implied in the New Test. " The workman is worthy of his meat," siys Christ (Matt, x, 10), to which the apostle appeals, " Even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the Gospel should live of the Gos- pel" (1 Cor. ix, 1-i). In the apostolic age the mainte- nance of the clergy consisted merely in the supply of their personal wants (2 Cor. xi, 7, 8; Phil, iv, 10-18). There were probably in early times no fixed stipends for the ministers because the Church did not possess property; and when at length specific provision was made for the support of the clergy, it was not by any ordinance of the Church, but by the law of the State. Fees paid to the clergy for services rendered were call- ed sportce, sporldhe, and gportula; ; probably in allusion to the bringing of the first-fruits in a basket, sporiula. They were not the same as t\w jura s^o/(P, surplice fees (q. v.), which were unknown in the jirimitive Church. It was an established rule that no fees should be re- ceived for religious services. The first departure from it began with the celebration of religious ordinances in a private manner, in which the individual, at whose re- quest this private celebration was performed, was re- quired to pay something as an equivalent for the pub- lic and voluntary oblations that would otherwise have been made. So far as the clergy of the primitive Church can be said to have had any salary, it was paid, eitiier according to their necessities or according to some general rule, from tlie treasury of the Church, which was supplied chiefiy from volinitary contribu- tions. Various rules were, from time to time, given for the distribution of funds. One required that they sliould be divi<le(l into three equal i)arts, one of which was to bo paid to the bisho]is, audlhor to the clergy, and the third was to be expended in making repairs, etc.
In the 4th century the Church and clergy came into the possession of real propertx-. IJy a law of Constan-
tine in the year 321, the clergy were permitted to re- ceive donations and bequests. Liberal grants were also made by Constantine and by Gratian, Theodosius the (ireat, and other emperors. By other means also the revenues of the Church were enriched : 1. On the dem- olition of heathen temples by Theodosius the Great and his sons, the proceeds were applied to the benefit of the clergy, or appropriated to religious uses. 2. On the same principle, the property belonging to heretics was sequestrated. 3. The property of such clergy as died without heirs, and of all who relinquished their duties without sufficient cause, became the property of the Church. 4. The Church was made heir-at-law of all martyrs and confessors who died without near rela- tions. 5. By tithes and first-fruits, which, however, were unknown until the 4th or 5th century. Charle- magne first required the payment of tithes by statute law, and enforced the duty by severe penalties. His successors confirmed and completed the system of tithe by law which was subsequently introduced into Eng- land and Sweden. In the Eastern Church the support of religion was never legally enforced, but was urged as a religious duty, and tithes were paid as a volunta- ry offering. See Coleman, Christ. Antiquities, p. 148 sq.
Salasad'ai CSaXaaaSat, v. r. ^apaaaSai, etc., a corriqHion from the Sept. 'Slovpi(Tacdi, for Zurishaddai, in Numb, i, 0), a name given (.Jud. viii, 1) as that of an Israelite, father of Samael, in the ancestry of Ju- dith {(1. v.).
Sala'thiel (Heb. ShealtieV, bx^n^Xti', asked of God; Sept. and New Test. '2a\a5ii]\; more correctly, " Shealtiel," in the A. Y. in Ezra iii, 2; Neh. xii, 1 ; Hag. i, 12, 14 ; ii, 2). It is customary to distinguish two of this name, from the apparent difference of par- entage in Matt, i, 12 and Luke iii, 27; but probably they were one, and the manner of keeping the Jewish records will readily suggest methods of reconciling the passages (comp. Strong, Ilurmomj and Exjjos. of the Gospels, p. 10). See Genealogy of Christ, Sala- thiel was the son of Jeconiah, perhaps grandson of Neri (Luke iii, 27), and father of Zerubbabel (1 Chron. iii, 17 ; Ezra iii, 2 ; Neh. xii, 1 ; Hag. i. 12, 14 ; ii, 2 ; Matt, i, 12; Luke iii, 27. See Shealtiel.
Sal'cah (Heb. Salkah', "l^bo, from an Arabic root, signifying migration ; Sept. 'S.tXy^a, v. r. SfXa, 'S.tK^^ai, 'EXxa, etc.; A.V. "Salchah,"' in Deut. iii, 10 [Targum Pseudo-Jon. gives it N'^p'n?D, i. c. Seleucia ; though which Seleucia they can have supposed was here in- tended it is difficult to imagine]), a city named in the earl}' records of Israel as the extreme limit of Bashan (Deut. iii, 10; Josh, xiii, 11). This city appears to have been one of the old capitals of Og's kingdom (Josh, xii, 5). A statement in 1 Chron. v, 11 seems to show that Salcah was upon the eastern confines of both Manasseh and Gad, although it was really beyond the bounds of Palestine as occupied by the Hebrews. On another occasion the name seems to denote a dis- trict rather than a town (Josh, xii, 5). In later Jewish history the name is never mentioned, and the probabil- ity is that the city soon fell into the hands of the orig- inal inhabitants. By Eusebius and Jerome it is merely mentioned, apparently without their having had any real knowledge of it.