Salter, Samuel, D.D., a learned English divine, was born at Norwich, and educated at the free school of that city, at the Charter House, and at Benedict Col- lege, Cambridge, of which he was elected a fellow. He became rector of Burton College, Lincolnshire, and preb- endary of Norwich ; minister of Great Yarmouth, 1750 ; preacher at Charter House, 1754 ; rector of St. Bartholo- mew the Less, Loudon, 1756 ; and master of the Charter House, 1761. He died 1772. Several sermons of his were published (Lond. 1755, 1762). See Darling, Cy- clop. Bihliog. s. v.
Saltmarsh, John, an Antinomian divine, was born in Yorkshire, England. He was educated at Magdalen College, Cambridge, became minister of Brasled, Kent, and chaplain in the army under Essex. He subse- quently settled at Ilford, Essex, where he died in 1647. He published a ntmiljer of works: The Smoke in the Temple (Lond. 1646, 4to) : — Free Grace (ibid. 1645, 4to) : — Sparkles of Glory (ibid. 1647, 12mo), and oth- ers. See Allibone, Diet, of A nthors, s. v.
Saltzmaiin, Friedrich Rudolf, an eminent, and once very popular, Protestant author, was born at Stras- burg, March 9, 1749. He studied in the gymnasium, and then in the University of Strasburg. After his graduation in 1773, he journeyed through Italy and (iermany, and then took charge of the education of the young Baron (afterwards Prussian minister) von Stein. Subse(iuently he lectured on history in Strasburg, but without great success. He next edited a political paper, and thereby came into suspicion of aristocratic tendencies among the radicals and terrorists of the French Revolution. He was forced to flee and to live in disguise until the downfall of Robespierre, meantime suffering the seizure and appropriation of his large prop- erty in Strasburg. During this period of trials his re- ligious life came to rajiid maturity. Raised in strict Protestant principles, he now came into contact with French mystics and theosophists. At the close of the Revolution he returned to Strasburg, and began the pub- lication of a series of religious and mystical works, which made him many friends, and which enjoyed a very wide circulation. Among these publications were, Das christliche Erbauungsblatt, which was issued for
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many j'ears, from 1805 and on : — Es wird Alles neu icerden (1802-10), a work in seven instalments, consist- ing of essays upon, and extracts from, the chief mystics and theosophists— Rusbroeck, Terstegen, Catherine of Si- enna, Mesdames Bourignon, Guyon, Leade, and Browne, also Swedenborg, and Bromley -.—On the Last Tkim/s (1806) : — Glances at God's Dealings with Man from the Creation to the End of the World (1810), in which the author gives a survey of human history during the tirst six thousand years, and then, with the help of geolo- gy and astronomj', forecasts the consummation of all things, wliich will be preceded by the millennium and terminated by the restoration of Paradise : — Religion der Bibel (1811), relating largely to the millennium :— Geist uml Wahrheit (1816), a work much esteemed by Schubert, and treating of the so-called double-sense of Scripture. In all of these writings Saltzmann mani- fests the highest reverence for the Bible and the most childlike faith in God. And yet, with all his Bible- study, he seems to find confirmation only for the views of the writers of the mystical school. But he is a mys- tic of the milder type; and he was entirely free from the "occult science" of a Bohme and a Schonherr. During his whole active career, Saltzmann continued his political editorship, and it was but his leisure moments that he gave to his theological studies. In bis last years, when Schubert visited him in 1820, he had ceased all outward activity, and was patiently awaiting his call into the spirit-world. See La Revue d'A Isace, 1860 ; Herzog, Real-EncyU. xiii, 337-341. (J. P.L.)
Sa'lu (Heb. iSaZw', X^bo, weiffhed; Sept. 2n\w v. r. SrtXjua>i'),a prince and head of a house among the chil- dren of Simeon; father of the Zimri who was slain by Phinehas for bringing the Midianitish woman into the camp of Israel (Numb, xxv, 14; see ver. 7 sq.). B.C. ante 1618.
Sa'lum, a Greek form found in the Apocrj'pha of the Hebrew name Shallum (q. v.) : a. CSaXovfAoc v. r. ^aXi'i/.tog ; 1 Esdr. viii, 1) tlie father of Hilkiah (Ezra vii, 2) ; 6. ^SlaXovfi ; 1 Esdr. v, 28) a temple " porter" (Ezra ii, 42).
Salus (health, 2^rosperity,v-ell-beinf), in some degree synonymous with the Greek Hyr/eia, in Roman mythol- ogy, was primarily the goddess of physical healtli, but afterwards also of the public weal or prosperity of the state. A temple was built in her honor after the con- clusion of the Samnite war by C. Juuius Bubulcus.
Salut, an evening office, which took its origin in Southern Europe (Spain and Italy), consisting of an ex- position of the Sacrament, accompanied with chanting and a brilliant display of tapers. It varies in different churches; at L\'ons it is not followed by benediction, and in France generally is only used in a solemn form on the eves of great festivals. The Roman rite requires the sign of the cross to be made with the monstrance in silence ; but in some parts of France the priest uses a form of benediction. See Walcott, Sacred A rchceoloyy, s. V.