In the Church-of-England service a species of saluta- tion occurs. " Having all repeated our Creed, . . . we now prepare ourselves to pray. And since salutations have ever been the expressions and badges of that mut- ual charity without which we are not fit to i)ray, there- fore we begin with an ancient form of salutation, taken out of the Holy Scripture; the minister commencing, salutes the people with ' The Lord be with you,' and they return it with a like prayer, 'And with thy Spirit.'" See Hook, Church Diet. s. v.
Salutatoriuni {place of sahitatioii), a room con- nected with an ancient church, where the bishop and clergy sat to receive the salutations of the people as they came to solicit prayers on their behalf or to con- sult them about important business,
Salvador, Joseph, a Jewish physician, was born at Montpelier, France, in 1790, ami died at Versailles, March 17, 1873. He is the author of I.oi ik Moyse, ou Syst'eme Rdvj. ft Polit. des llebrcux (Paris, 1822) ; re- published under the title Ilistoire des Institutions de Moise et du Peuple I/ebreu (Paris, 1828, 3 vols.) ; Ger- man transl. Geschichte der mosaischen Instituiionen, etc., by Essena, with a preface by G. Riesser (Hamburg, 183C, 3 vols.) : — Jesus-Christ et sa Doctrine, qxc. (Paris, 1838, 2 vols.) ; (Jerman transl. by Jacobson, Das Leln-n Jesu und seine Lehre (Dresden, 1841, 2 vols.) :^//i.s-- toire de la Domination Romaine en .fudee et de la Ru- iiie de Jerusalem (Paris, 1847, 2 vols.) ; German transl. by Eichler, Geschichte der Rumerherrschaft in Judda, etc. (Bremen, 1847, 2 vols.): — Paris, Roni-e, .Jerusalem, OH la Question Reliyieuse au XIXe Sikcle (Paris, 18(50, 2 vols.). See Fiirst, JUhl. Jud. iii, 230 ; Winer, lland- buch der theol. Literatur, ii, 74ti ; Zuchold, BihL Theol. p. 1109sq. ; Zeitung des JudenthumsAHTd. (B. P.)
Salvation (properly tlS^l'IJ^ (TwTT/pi'ff, both mean- ing originally delirerance or safctij). No idea Avas more ingrained in the Jewish mind than the truth that God
SALVATION
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SALVE, FESTA DIES
was a Saviour, a Helper, a Deliverer, a Rescuer, a De- fender, and a Preserver to his people. Their whole his- torv was a history of salvation, and an unfolding of the nature ami purposes of the Divine Being. Israel was a saved people (Deut. xxxiii, 20); saved from I'^gypt (Exod. xiv, 30), delivered from enemies on every side, preserved in prosperity, and restored from adversity — all l)v that One Person whom they had been taught to tall .Jehovah. Though human instruments were con- stantly used as saviors— as, for instance, the judges — the people were always taught that it was God who saved hy their hand (2 Sam. iii, 18; 2 Kings xiii,5; xiv, 27 ; Xeh.ix, 27),and that there was not power in man to be his own savior (.Job xl, U ; Psa. xxxiii, 1(5 ; xliv, 3, 7), so that he must look to God alone for help (Isa. xliii, 11 ; xiv, 22 ; Hos. xiii, 4, 10). This the Scriptures ex- press in varied forms, usually in phrases, in which the Hebrews rarely use concrete terms, as they are called, but often abstract terms. Thus, instead of saying, God saves them and protects them, they say, God is their salvation. So, a voice of salvation, tidings of salvation, a word of salvation, etc., is etjuivalent to a voice declar- ing deliverance, etc. Similarly, to work great salva- tion in Israel signifies to deliver Israel from some immi- nent danger, to obtain a great victory over enemies. Jlost of these phrases explain themselves, while others are of nearly equal facility of apprehension, e. g. the ap- plication of " the cup of salvation" to gratitude and joy f 'r deliverance (Psa. cxvi, 13) ; the " rock of salvation" to a rock where any one takes refuge, and is in safety (2 Sam. xxii, 47) ; " the shield of salvation" and " helmet of salvation" to protection from the attack of an enemy (Psa. xviii, 35; Isa. lix, 17); the "horn of salvation" to the power by which deliverance is effected (Psa. xviii, 2) ; " the garments of salvation" to the bcautj' and pro- tection of holiness (Isa. Ixi, 10) ; the " wells of salva- tion" to the abundant sources of the mercies of salva- tion, free, overflowing, and refreshing (Isa. xii, 3). See each of these associated terms in its alphabetical place.
" When we come to inquire into the nature of this .salvation thus drawn from God, and the conditions on which it was granted during the Old-Test, dispensation, we learn that it implied every kind of assistance for body and soul, and that it was freely offered to God's peo|)le (Psa. xxviii, 9; Ixix, 35); to the needy (Psa. Ixxii, 4, 13), to the meek (Psa. Ixxvi, 9), to the contrite (P.sa. xxxiv, 18), but not to the wicked (Psa. xviii, 41) unless they repented and turned to him. Salvation consisted not onlv of deliverance from enemies, and from the snares of the wicked (Psa. xxxvii, 40 ; lix, 2 ; cvi, 20), but also of forgiveness (Psa. Ixxix, 9), of an- swers to prayer (Psa. Ixix, 13), of spiritual gifts (Psa. Ixviii, 19), of joy (Psa. li, 12), of truth (Psa. xxv, 5), and of righteousness (Psa. xxiv, 5 ; Isa. xiv, 8 ; xlvi, 13 ; li, .5). Many of the beautiful promises in Isaiah refer to an everlasting and spiritual salvation, and God described himself as coming to earth to bring salvation to his peojile (Isa. Ixii, 11; Zech. ix, 9). Thus was the way prepared for the coming of him who was to be called Jesus, because he should save his people from their sins. See MiissiAii.