Schvyeinitz, Hans Chiistoph von, a German hymnist, was born in 1(115 at Budelsdorf, in the Silesian principality of Schweidnitz, and died in 1722. His hj'mn Wird das nicht Freude seiii, which he wrote at the death of his first wife, Theodora, has become one of the gems of the German hymns. It has also been trans- lated into English, "Will tliat not joyful be!" {Hymns from the Land of Lnthtr, p. 0). See Otto, Lexikon oberlausitzischer Schriftsleller ( (iilrlitz, 1803); Koch, Gesch. des dentschen Kircheuliedes, iv, 34 sq. ; Knapp, Evanfjd. Liedcrschntz, s.x. (I*>. 1'.)
Sch-weinitz, Lew^is David von, rii.D., an American clergyman and botanist, was born in Bethlc- licm, I'a., Feb. 13, 1780. He went to Germany in 1793, where he fmished his education and remained till 1812, when he returned to America, and settled at Salem, N. C, as clergyman and superintendent cf the financial
affairs of the Moravian Church, South. He returned iii 1821 to his native place — Bethlehem — and resided there until his death, Feb. 8, 1834. He was an enthusiastic scientist, making botanj' his special study. By his own researches he added more than 1400 now species to the catalogues of the American flora, the greater part being fungi, which had been previously but little studied. His principal botanical works are the following : Conspectus Funrjnrum Liisatice (Leips. 1805) : — Synopsis Fiinyo- rum Carolines Siiperioris (edited by Dr. Schwergichen, 1818) : — Sjyecimen Florcn A mericK Sejitentrionalis Cryp- tof/amicoB ( 1821 ) : — Monograj)h of the Genvs Viola (1821) : — Catalogue of Plants Collected in the North-west Tei'ritory by Say (1824) : — Monogj'aph vpon the Ameri- can Species of the Genus Carex (1825): — and Synopsis Funyorum in Ameiica Boreali Media Deyentium (1832).
Sch'wenkfeld, Kaspak von, founder of the relig- ious sect named after him, Schwenkfeldians (q. v.). He was born in Ossig, Silesia, in 1490 ; was a nobleman of ancient lineage, councillor to the duke of Liegnitz, and an earnest advocate of the Keformation. While hold- ing the chief Reformers in the highest esteem, he dif- fered from them on the following points: 1, Schwenk- feld inverted the words of Christ, " this is my body," and read " my body is this" — i. e. such as this bread, which is broken and consumed ; a true and real food, which nourisheth, satisfieth, and delighteth the soul. 2. He denied that the external Word had any power to enlighten and renew the mind, but ascribed this power to the internal Word, which, according to his notion, was Christ himself. 3. He would not allow Christ's hu- man nature, in its exalted state, to be called a creature or a created substance, as such a denomination appeared to him infinitely below its majestic dignity, united as it is in that glorious state with the divine essence. He died in Ulm about 15G1. His character was never impugned by any of his opponents, and his numerous writings (including Bekenntniss und Rechenschaft von den llavptpunkten des christlichen Glanhens [1547], and nearly 100 treatises) are among the most valuable sources of the history of the Reformation.
Sch-wrenkfeldians, or Sch-wenkfelders, a
religious sect in the IGth century deriving its name from Kaspar Schwenkfeld (q. v.). He often declared his unwillingness to form a separate sect, but after his death numbers who had embraced his views were sub- jected to severe persecution, especially from the Lu- theran clergy. In 1719 the Jesuits endeavored to effect the conversion of this people, but, failing, thej- reduced them to slave^J^ Thej' fled into Lusatia and other parts of Saxony ; but protection being withdrawn there after eight years (1734), a number of them emigrated to Altona, Denmark. Many others, by the permission of the iMiglish government, came to Pennsylvania; and though in 1742 they were all invited back to Silesia, with the promise of the return of their estates and the full enjoyment of toleration, none could ever be induced to return. They celebrated their arrival in Pennsyl- vania bj' a "festival in grateful memory of all mercies and divine favors manifested to them by tlie Father of mercies." They still continue to celebrate the anniver- sary. Reference to the peculiarities of doctrine is made in the article Sciiwicnkkkld (q. v.). This sect has a service in reference to infants unknown among other religious bodies. As soon as a child is born, a preacher is called in to praj' for its happiness and prosperity, ex- horting the jiarents to bring it up in the fear of the Lord, A similar service is held in the church as soon as the mother is able to attend with the child. In their government they are Congregational, electing annuall}' the minister, trustees, and otlier officers of their Churcli. They choose their pastors by lot, instructing them in their duties if uneducated when chosen. They number about .300 families, from 800 to 1000 communicants, 5 ministers, and as many churches. The language for social intercourse and private worship is German.
SCHWESTRIONES
447
SCIENCE
Schwestriones, a name of reproach, "Sisterers," given to the Lollards anil IJeghards {q. v.).
Schyn, Hkrmaxn, author of the Ilistoria Mennoni- tariim [see Menno ; Mennonites], was born at Amster- dam in IGGi, and studied at Leyden and Utrecht, being made M.U. in 1G82. After settling at Kotterdam as a physician, he began the study of theology, and in 1G8G was chosen preacher by the congregation of Mennonites in that city. In 1690 he removed to Amsterdam, and entered on a career in which he administered the duties of the sacred office during thirty-seven years with fidel- ity and success. He died in 1727. As a preacher he had a leaning towards the Cocceian tendency (ij. v.), and followed the farfetched analytical-exegctical method of the time, but was none the less practical and fervent — somewhat given to the use of mystical phrases, as may be seen in the collection of his sermons, IJe'dltje Keur- stoffen (1733).