Sclavina, a long gown worn by Romish pilgrims.
Sclavonic Versions. See Slavonic Veksioss.
Scofield, Alanson, a Presbyterian minister, was born in Albany County, N. Y., Sept. 3, 1800, and worked at his trade as a tanner until he was of age. He then commenced a -course of study, and graduated at Union College, N. Y., iu 1830. After studying theology about one j'ear at Aiidover, jMass., he entered Princeton Sem- inary in the f;ill of 1831, and remained two years. He was licensed by the Presbytery of Albany Oct. 8, 1833, and dismissed Feb. 6, 1838, to the Presbytery of Geneva as a licentiate. He was in the service of tlie American Education Society for six years, aud resided at Auburn, N. Y., uutil 1839. He was ordained Oct. 3 of tlie same year, and was pastor of the Church of West Fayette, Sen- eca Co., N. Y., from 1839 to 1845, and three years stated supply of the Church at Ked Hook, N. Y. In 1848 he removed to Michigan, and was stated supply for two years at Augusta. Afterwards he served the Church at Stony Creek, in the Presbytery of Wastenaw, as pastor from 1849 to 1856. Then he was stated supply at Co- runna and Newburg, in the Presbytery of Saguiaw, Mich., for a period of four years, first at Fremont, and afterwards at (^uiucy. In 1864 or 1865 he was trans- ferred from the Presbytery of Saginaw to that of Cold- water. About the year 1868 he removed to California, Mich., where he resided during the remainder of his life, serving the Church in that place, the whole or part of his time, as its stated su|ii)ly. He became in 1871, by a change in the presbyteries necessitated b}' the re- union, a member of the Monroe Presbytery. During the last four years of his life he was in the service of the Presbyterian Board of Publication as a missionary. He died suddenly of ap(i|)lexy on Sabbath morning, June 18, 1876. 3Ir. Scotield was a man of immense physical vigor, of uutiriug energy, wonilerfid tenacity of purpose, skilled as a debater, genial and warm-heart- ed, earnest and sound in doctrine, and thoroughly de- voted to the interests of the Church. (W. P. S.)
Scolitas, in Greek mythology, was a surname of Pan, whose brazen effigy stood at Megalopolis.
Scoptzy. See Skoptzv.
Scopus (Skottoc, a watchman or mark'), the popu- lar epithet given by Josephus to an eminence at seven furhmgs' distance, on the north, from -lerusalem, whence Cestius approached the citv from Gabaon (el-Jib), and IX',— F F
Titus from Gophna (.Jifna), the latter obtaining a fine view of the Temple ( War, ii, 19, 4 ; v, 2, 3). Dr. Rob- inson locates it on the high level tract and brow upon the Nablus road, being the extension of the Olivet range (Bib. Jits, i, 407), a position in which Barclay (City of the Great King, p. 74) and Porter (Handh.for Syria, p. 118) coincide. According to Lieut. Conder, this spot is still called by the efpiivalent Arabic name El-Meshdrif, and answers to all the reciuirements of the military notices (Quar. Statement of the "Pal. Explor. Fund," April, 1874, p. Ill ; corap. p. 94). See Jekusa-
LEM.
Scoresby, William, D.D., an English clergy- ■ man and Arctic explorer, was born at Cropton, York- shire, Oct. 5, 1789. He commenced a seafaring life at the age of ten, and in his twenty -tirst year succeeded his father as commander of the Resolution, and carried on the business of whale-fishing. In 1822 he explored the east coast of Greenland, and upon his return devoted himself to study, entering Queen's CpUege, Cambridge, from which he graduated as B.D. in 1834. In 1839 he received the degree of D.D., and labored faithfully as chaplain of the INIariners' Church in Liverpool, and af- terwards at Bradford, Yorkshire, till failing health com- pelled him to retire to Torquay. He here engaged in scientific and philanthropic labors. For the better pros- ecution of his researches he made a voyage to the United States in 1847, and to Australia in 1853, returning from the last-named coimtry in 1856, enfeebled by the ardu- ous labors which he had undergone. He died at Tor- quay March 21, 1857. His principal works are, An Ac- count of the A rctic Regions (1820, 2 vols.) : — Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale Fishery (1823): — Dis- courses to Seamen (1831): — Zoistic Magnetism (1849): — Sabbaths in the Arctic Regions (1850); and others. His Life has been written by his nephew, R. E. Scores- by-Jackson (Lond. 1861).
Scorpion (3"ip>, akrab, Deut. viii, 15; Ezek. ii, 6; GKop-rrioQ, Luke x, 19, xi, 12; Rev. ix, 3, 5, 10). a well-known injurious insect of hot climates, belonging to the class A rachnida and order Pvlmonaria, which is shaped very much like a lobster. It lives in damp places under stones, in clefts of walls, cellars, etc.; and in summer nights even creeps about in streets and on steps (Kussell, Aleppo, ii, 119). The head and breast are closely joined, and there are two large feelers in front. The eyes are arranged much as in the spiders — one pair in the centre of the thorax, the rest symmetri- cally on each side of the front. In the genus Scoi-pio proper there are six of these organs, in Buthus eight, and in Androctonus twelve. All these, however, may be quite correctly considered as scorpions. There are eight feet, covered with hair. There is a very active tail, of six joints, which ends in a crooked point (Pliny, xi, 62) like a fowl's claw (Schidz, Lei/iing, iv, 351 ). They are carnivorous in their habits, and move along in a threatening attitude with the tail elevated. The sting, which is situated at the extremity of the tail, has at its base a gland that secretes a poisonous fiuid, which is discharged into the wound by two minute orifices at its extremity. The scorpion makes a painful woun<l in men and beasts (Pliny, xi, 62; Host, Marokko, p. 302; comp. j\Iinutoli, Trar. p. 205) which produces fatal re- sults (Pliny, xi, 30; Sonnini, Trai\u,'i\2; Prosp. Alpin. Rer. .Egyp. p. 206 ; comp. Latorde, Voyage, p. 50), luiless speedy remedies be provided (such are scarifying the wound, sucking out the poison, etc. [Russegger, Reis.W, ii, 223]). This is true, iiowevcr, only of the Oriental scorpion (though Thomson, L(jml and Book, i, 379, says its bite is never fatal in Syria), that mentioned in the Bible (see description and jilatcs iu Riisel, Insecten-Be- lustig. iii, 370 sq.. Tab. 65 ; coinii. Sir. xxvi, 10 ; Ezek. ii, 6); for the wound of the European, or Italian, scor\n\in is less dangerous. The former is distinguished by its shining black breastplate, which has given it the name Scorpio afer. (Many plates are given in Ehrenberg's