Scum (nxbn, cheldh, strictly an overlayimj), rather, rust of a pot (K/.ek. xxiv, 6, 11, 12).
Scuophylacium {aKivo<pv\aKioi'), a recess near the altar corresponding with the medieval "aumbrye," in which the chalice, paten, and every utensil employed in offering the eueharistic sacrifice were anciently placed immediately after mass. Reference is made to such a receptacle by the councils of Laodicca and Agatha. — Lee, Gloss, of lAlunjiccd and Eccles. Terms, s. v.
SCURVY
489
SCYTHIAN
Scurvy (2"i5, rjardh, from 3'^^, to scratch), scurf on the skin (Lev. xxi, 20 ; xxii, 22), perhaps of a malig- nant kind ("scab," Deut. xxviii, 27). So also the word T^^'', yidlepheth, rendered "scabbed" (Lev. xxi, 20; xxii, 22), signifies a sort of itching scab, scurf, tetter, so called as sticking fast. See Lei'kosy. The disease known by the name of scurvy in modern times is usu- ally caused by long continement in cold and damp cli- mates, without fresh provisions, and a due quantity of acescent food. In the progress of the disease tlie skin becomes drv and scaly, livid spots appear, and the suf- ferer experiences great debility.
Scutcheon (old form, scouchon ; Lat. scutum = a shield), besides signifying an escutcheon, is also an old name for the angles of buildings or parts of buildings, such as window- jambs, etc., but apparently for those only which are greater than right angles. — Parker, Gloss, of A rchitect. s. v. Scutum. See Pome.
Scutum Fidei {shield of faith), a sacred device fre- quently roiiresente<l in stone- and wood-carving, on mon- umental brasses, in stained glass, and ancient |)aintings, in which the dnctriues of the Trinity in Unity and the
Unity in Trinity were set forth for the instruction of the faithful. The example in the accom panyi ng wooil-cut is from the south window of the south tran- sept of 'J'liame Church, Oxford- shire (1829). It has since disap- peared. — Lee, Gloss, of JAturf/i- Scntnin Fidei. cal and Eccksi-
astical Terms, s. v,
Scylla, in (jreek mythology, was the daughter of Typhon and Echidna, or of Neptune and the nymph Cratais. The descriptions of this marine monster are sufficiently striking, though they were never followed in the formative arts. Homer makes her to dwell by a rock which reached to the skies, and whose brow was constantly crowned with clouds. The mountain could not be scaled because of its smooth surfaces, and the monster was accordingly able to dwell undisturbed in the cavern which the waves had washed at its foot, and thence to inflict destruction on all who might approach. The giantess had twelve feet, which, however, were less dangerous than might be supposed, because they were
all fastened to the rock; but the horrible body had six long necks, surmounted by six terrible heads, which roared unceasingly under the im])ulse of hunger and ferocity. The mouth was armed with a tri|)le row of teeth, and every form of creature afforded them a wel- come prey. In the absence of other food, they seized on dolphins and seals, but if a ship drew near, it was obliged to sacrifice a portion of its crew. Ulysses came prepared for a conflict, and sought in every way to tlrive off the monster with spear-thrusts and |ioles, but was at length obliged to ]>ay for the temerity which led him to navigate the Sicilian straits with the hjss of six of his most faithful companions. These waters (between Italy and Sicily) were at that time regarded as impas- sable because of Scylla and Charybdis (incidit in Scyl- lam cupiens vitare Charyhdiii), one of which was certain to destroy the navigator. Their terrors are now alto- gether dissipated, and no fishing-boat dreads these mon- sters. Scylla is usually represented as a gigantic female figure with an oar raised as if to strike, the body ending in two dolphin tails. — VoUmer, Worterh. d. Mythol. s. v.
Scyllis, in Greek mythology, was a celebrated ar- chitect, who was supposed to be the son of Diedalus by a paramour of unknown name, whose father lived at Gortys,in Crete. Many of the buildings in Sicily were attributed to him and his brother Dipcenus.
Scyllius, in Greek mythology, was a surname of Jupiler in Crete.
Scythes, in Greek mythology, was a son of Her- cules and Echidna.
Scyth'ian (2/ci'i5?jc) occurs in Col. iii, 11 as a gen- eralized term for a rude, ignorant, degraded person. In the Gospel, says Paul, " there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, barbarian, Scythian, bond nor free ; but Christ is all and in all." It was an- ciently applied sometimes to a particular people, and sometimes to all the nomad tribes which had their seat to the north of the Black and Caspian seas, stretching in- definitely eastward into the unknown regions of Asia. It had thus much the same latitude as " Tartars," and was in like maimer synonymt)us with Barbarian {Bapfinpoq). The same view of Scythian barbarism appears in 2 Mace, iv, 47 and 3 Mace, vii, 5, also in Josephus (Cont. Apion. ii, 37) and Parmenio (</;>. Athen. v, 221). For other similar testimonies, see Wettstein, Nov. Test, ii, 292. The Scythians were, in fact, the ancient representatives of the modern Tartars, and, like them, moved from place to place in carts drawn by oxen. It is from this circumstance that they, or a tribe nearly allied to them, may be recognised on the monuments of Egypt. In the latter part of the 7th century B.C., they liad become well known as a formidable power through the whole of Western Asia. Forced from their original quarters north of the Caucasian range bv the inroads of the JIas-