The above Heb. word, O"', yum, is sometimes connect- ed with □inrij tehom {ujivaaoi^, ahyssus, " the deep," Gen. i, 2 ; Jonah ii, 5). It also means tlie west (Gesen. Thesaur. p. 360, 598). When used for tlie sea, it very often, but not always, takes the article. Other words for the sea (in the A. V. "deep") are : tlbl^jp, metsuldh, or rtVlIjp, metsoldh (only in the plural), or n^":i, fsvluh simply (a/3(j(7(Toc, /3aSoc, ahyssus, p?-o/undum) ; b^ia^j mabbul {KaTaKXvrrfioQ, diluvium, "water-Hood," Psa. xxix, 10). Smaller pools were distinguished into D3X, affdm, a natural pool or pond (cvii, 35: cxiv, 8; Isa. XXXV, 7; xli, 18, etc.), and !13"13, berekdh, the same as the Arabic birkeh, an artificial pool or reservoir (2 Sam. ii, 13; iv, 12; Nahum ii, 9).
The following are the applications of the term ydm in Scripture :
1. Tiie "gathering of the waters" {yammiri), encom- passing the land, or what we call in a more or less defi- nite sense "the Ocean." In tliis sense the term is used in Gen. i. 2, 10, and elsewhere, as Deut. xxx, 13; 1 Kings X, 22; Psa. xxiv, 2; Job xxvi, 8, 12; xxxviii, 8; see Homer, Iliad, xiv, 301, 302; Hesiod, Theog. 107, 109; and 2 Pet. iii, 5.
2. The word is used, with the article, of some definite part of the great circumambient water, viz. :
(«.) Of the Mediterranean Sea, called the "hinder" (■1~nX), the "western," and the "utmost" sea (Deut. xi, 24; xxxiv, 2; Joel ii, 20); "sea of the Philistines" (Exod. xxiii, 31); "the great sea" (Numb, xxxiv, 6,7; Josh. XV, 47); "the sea" (Gen. xlix, 13; Psa. Ixxx, 11; cvii, 23; 1 Kings iv, 20, etc.). See MeuitehkanexVn.
(6.) Also frequently of the Bed Sea (Exod. xv, 4; Josh, xxiv, 6), or one of its gulfs (Numb, xi, 31; Isa. xi, 15), and perhaps (1 Kings x, 22) the sea traversed by Solomon's fleet. See Red Sea.
Tlie place "where two seas met"(Tn7roc ?i5in\aff<joc, Acts xxvii, 41) is explained by Conybeare and Howson as a place where the island Salmonetfa, off the coast of Malta, in St. Paul's Bay, so intercepts the passage from the sea without to the bay within as to give the appear- ance of two seas, just as Strabo represents the appear- ance of the entrance from the Bospliorus into t lie Euxine; but it seems quite as likely that by the "place of the double sea" is meant one where two currents, caused by the intervention of the island, met and produced an eddy, which made it desirable at once to ground the ship (Conybeare and Howson, ii, 423; Strabo, ii, 124).
3. The term is also applied to the great internal /aAes of Palestine, whether fresh or salt ; e. g.
(ji.) The Sea ofChinnereth, n"1i3 D^ (Numb, xxxiv, 11), called in the New Test. " the Sea of (jalilee" (Matt, iv, 18), the "Sea of Tiberias" (John xxi, 1), and "the sea (or lake) of Gennesareth" (IMatt. xiv, 34; INIark vi, 53; Luke v, 17), which last is but a variation of the Hebrew name. See Galilee, Ska oi'".
(i.) The Dead Sea, called in Scripture the Salt Sea, nb^an C^ (Gen. xiv, 3), the Sea of the Plain, or the Arabali, T^^Z'^VT^ C^ {Deut. \y,'Vi},a\\i.\th& Eastern Sea, iSb'liSri Cn (Joel ii, 20; Ezek. xlvii, 18; Zech. xiv, 8). It is not named or alluded to in the New Test. It is called by Josephus {War, iii, 10, 7) Xif^nn) 'AatpaXri- rtfc, by which name, or in the Latin form of Lacns As- phultiles, it was known to the classical writers. See Salt Sea.
(f.) The Luke Merom is named once only in Script-
SEA, MOLTEN
492
SEAL
ure, where it is called Clip ''''2, waters ofMerom (Josh. xi, 5, 7). By Joseplius it is called Semechonitis {'Se^t- XtoviTii;, Ant. v, 5, 1), and at jjresent bears the name of huleh : this is the uppermost and smallest of the three lakes on the Jordan. See Mkkom.
4. The term t/dm, like the Arabic bahr, is also applied to great rivers, as the Nile (Isa. xix, 5; Amos viii, 8, A. V. "flood;" Nahiim iii, 8; Ezek. xxxii, 2) and the Euphrates (Jer. li, 3ti). See Stanley, Si/r. and Pal. App. p. 533; Hackett, Illust. of Script, p. 119.
5. Finally, the great copper ( H wlip ) or molten (p^^-) Liver, which stood in the court of Solomon's Temple, is called a i/nm (1 Kings vii, 23-44; 2 Kings xvi, 17, etc.). See Ijrazen Sea; Laveh.
Sea, Molten. See Lavek.
Seabury, Samuel, D.D., an efficient Episcopal min- ister, and afterwards bishop of Connecticut, was born at Ledj-ard, (4roton, Conn., Nov. 30, 1729, and received his degree of A.B. at Yale College in 1748. In 1751 he went to Scotland, and was ordained in London in 1753. On his return to America, he was successively' rector of Christ's Church, New Brunswick, N. J. ; Grace Cliurch, Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y. ; and St. Peter's Church, Westchester; and in 17(54 was made A.M. by Columbia College, and D.U. by Oxford University, Eng- land. During the Revolutionary war he acted for a time as chaplain to the British army, and in 1783 was chosen bishop and went to England for consecration. Not being successful, he went to Scotland, where his application was granted, in 1784 at Aberdeen, which was tlius the cradle of the American Episcopal Church. On his return he was made rector of St. James's Church, New London, Conn., where he published A Cummunion Office, and aided in a general organization of the Episcopal Church of the United States. He died Feb. 25. 1796. His publications comprise Charges, ISermons, and Ad- dresses:— The Communion Office, etc.- — The Duty of Consirhring our Ways: — Discourses on Several Subjects (1791, 2 vols.) : — An Earnest Persuasive to the Frequent Receiving of the Holy Communion (republished, 1816). See Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, v, 149.