Sennacherib was not onlj' a great warrior, but also a grand builder. He seems to have been the tirst who fixed the seat of government permanently at Nineveh, which he carefidly repaired and adorned with splendid buildings. His great work is the palace of Koyunjik, surpassing in magnificence all the buildings of his pred- ecessors. The royal structure, built on a platform of about ninety feet in elevation, and paved with bricks, covered fully eight acres. Its great halls and chambers were ranged round three courts; one of them 154 feet by 125, and another 124 feet by 90. One of the halls was about 180 feet in length by about 40 iu breadth, and sixty smaller rooms have been explored. These rooms are broader than those of his predecessors, proba- bly because he used cedars from Lebanon, He built also, or repaired, a second palace at Nineveh on the mound of Nebbi Yunus, confined the Tigris to its chan- nel by an embankment of brick, restored the ancient aqueducts, which had gone to decay, and gave to Nin- eveh that splendor which she thenceforth retained till the ruin of the empire. The realistic sculptures of Sennacherib are very instructive ; every-day scenes of Assyrian life are depicted by them ; landscapes and hunting; the various processes of masonry ; the carving
Tablet Sculptured ou Kock at Nuhr el-Kelb, near Beirut.
and transportation of the great bulls ; and the slaves working in gangs, and often in the presence of the king. He also erected monuments in distant countries. One of his memorials is at the mouth of the Nahr el-Kelb, on the Syrian coast, verifying his boast that he "had come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon ;" and there it stands side by side with the tablet which tells of the conquests of Rameses the Great, more than five centuries before the period of Sennache- rib. See Nineveh.
Sennert, Andreas, a German Orientalist, was born at Wittenberg in IGOG, and began the study of the She- mitic languages at the age of ten years. Having com- pleted his education, he visited various universities in Germany and Holland, and in 1G38 was appointed pro- fessor of Hebrew in his native place, where he died, Dec. 22, 1689. He wrote various philological works, among which are. Compendium Lexici Hebruki (Wit- tenb. 16G4) : — Rabbinismns (ibid. 166(5) : — Grammatica Orientalis (ibid. 1666): — " XaKtjfia rXutTTiKov (ibid, 1648). For a more complete list of his works, see Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 312 sq. ; Steinschneider, Bibliog. //andbuck, p. 131 sq. ; Wolf, Bibl, IJebr. iv, 302 ; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generule, s. v.
Sens, Councils of {Concilium Senonense). These councils were so called from being held m Sens, a town in the department of Yonne, France.
I. This coinicil was held in 1140. Among those pres- ent were Louis VII, Samson of Rheims, and Henry of Sens. In this council St. Bernard charged Abelard (q. v.), who was present, with his errors, accusing him of making degrees in the Trinity, as Arius had done ; of preferring free will to grace, with Pelagius; and of di- viding Jesus Christ, with Nestorius. He produced ex- tracts taken from his works, and called upon Abelard either to deny having written them, or to prove their truth, or to retract them. Abelard, instead of defend- ing himself, appealed to Rome; whereupon the bishops present contented themselves with condemning his doc- trine, passing no sentence upon him personally out of deference to Innocent II, to whom Samson and three of the bishops wrote, requesting his concurrence in their judgment. The pope condemned Abelard in the same year, and, in his answer to the letter of the bishops, de- clared that he concurred with them in the sentence they had passed, and that he had imposed perpetual silence upon Abelard. The latter published an apology, in which he confessed the sound Catholic faith, declared that he desisted from his appeal, and retracted all that he had written contrary to the truth. See Mansi, x, 1018.
II. Held in 1199 by the legate Peter against the Pop- licans (or Populicaiii), a sect of Manichieans. Among others, the dean of Nevers, and Raynaldus, abbot of St. Martin, were charged with this heresy. The latter was deposed, being found guilty not only of this heresy, but
also of those of the Stercoranists and Origenists, Both appealed from the decision of the council to the pope. See Mansi, xi, 8.
III. The third Council of Sens was held in May, 1320, by William de Melun, archbishop
I of Sens, Four statutes were published,
1. Enacts that the bishops should grant an in- dulgence of forty days to those persons who woidd fast ou the vigil of the feast of the Holy Sacrament.
2. Directs that places in which clerks were for- cibly detained should be laid under an interdict.
4. Condemns those priests who dressed them- selves improperly, such as iu red, green, yellow, or white boots, etc., and wore beards and long hair.
See Mansi, xi, 1860.
IV. This council was held in 1485 by Tristan de Salazar, archbishop of Sens, in which the constitutions published by his predecessor, Louis, in a council held A.D. 1460, were con- firmed. Among other matters treated of were
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the celebration of the holy office, the reform of the cler- gj' and of the monks, the duties of laymen towards the Church, etc. It also enacted that canons shall be con- sidered absent who are not present at noctern, before the end of the Venite ; at the other hours before the first psalm, and at mass before the end of the last Kyrie. Most of these regulations were taken from the canons of Hasle, Lateran, and the Pragmatic. See Mansi, xiii, 1721, App. — Landon, Manual of Councils, s. v.