Saadias, which has the same meaning. Gesonius {Gram. § 86, and Jesaia xiii, 0) regards "^^'IJ, shaddai, as the plural of majesty, from a singular noun, 1'0,shad, root Tl'iT, shaddd, of which the primary notion seems to be "to be strong" (Fiirst, Ilandwb.). It is evident that this derivation was present to the mind of the prophet from the play of words in Isa. xiii, 6. Ewald {Lehrb. § 155 c, 5th ed.) takes it from a root JTrj^Tl'd, and compares it with "^^H, davvai, from ni'n, dacdh, the older termination ■^~ being retained. He also refers to the prop- er names "'UJ'', Yishai (Jesse), and "^^la, Bacvai (Neh. iii, 18). Rddiger (Gesen. Thesaur. s. v.) disputes Ewald's explanation, and proposes, as one less open to objection, that Shaddai originally signified "my powerful ones," and afterwards became the name of God Almightj-, like the analogous form Adonai. In favor of this is the fact that it is never found with tlie definite article, but sucli would be equally the case if Shaddai were regarded as a proper name. On the w hole there seems no reasonable objection to the view taken by Gesenius, which Lee also adopts {Gram. § 139, G).
Shaddai is found as an element in the proper names Ammishaddai, Zurishaddai, and possibly also in Shcdcur there may be a trace of it. — Smith.
Shade, Jacob B., a minister of the German Re- formed Church, was born in Montgomery County, Pa., April 25, 1817. He began his studies in Marshall Col- lege, Mercersburg, Pa., in ^lay, 1839; and finished his theological studies in the seminary located in the same place. Full of zeal, he preached, while in the seminary, ill" destitute places among the mountains west of Mer- cersburg, and was the means of organizing several con- gregations. He was licensed and ordained in May, 1843, and continued his labors for a short time in the moun- tains where he had preached before. At the close of the same year he became colporteur in Berks County, Pa., for the American Tract Society, spending one year in tliat field. In 1844-45 he spent a year in the same work in Alabama. On his return his health had entire- ly failed, and he died Jan. 6, 1846. With ordinary nat- ural abilities, he was possessed of extraordinary zeal and devotion to the work of Christ. He preached in Ger- man and English.
Shadford, Georgk, a minister of the Methodist
Episcopal Church, was born at Scoffer, in Lindslej^, Lin- colnshire, England, Jan. 19, 1739. At the age of six- teen he received his first communion in the Establish- ed Church, and for a time was very serious and punctual in the discharge of religions duties; but he fell back into sin. He enlisted in the militia while still a youth, and became quite desperate in wickedness. He was hopefully converted INIay 5, 1762, and within two weeks became a member of the Methodist Society. In 1768 he united with the Conference, and was appointed to labor in the west of Cornwall. He was sent in the spring of 1773 to America; and labored for a month in New Jersey, four months in New York city, and four or five months in Philadeliihia. He was stationed in 1776 in Virginia, and in 1777 at Baltimore. Not being will- ing to fake the test-oath during the Revolutionary war, he returned in 1778 to Great Britain. There he re- sumed his labors, and continued them with unal)ated diligence and fidelity till disease and infirmity obliged him to retire. He died March 11, 1816. Mr. Shadford had a Christian character that was decidedly marked. He was a man of praj-er, of Christian temper, and god- ly conversation. As a preacher he was not above me- diocrity, and vet his labors were very successfid. See Simpson, Cyclop, of Methodism, s. v.; Sprague, Annals of the A mer. Pulpit, vii, 34.
Shadow (b^, tsvl, or tsbjj, tsekl ; <T/C('a, either sim- ply or in composition), the privation of light by an ob- ject interposing between a luminary and the surface on which the shadow appears. The light of the sun may i
SHADRACH
608
SHAFT
be obsciircil ; but '• with the Father of light there is no parallax nor tropical shadow ;" no interposing bodies can change his purposes or for a moment intercept and turn aside his truth, because he is equally present every- where (James i, 17). A shadow falling on a plate fol- lows the course of the body which causes it ; and, as it is often extremely rapid, the fleetness of human life is often compared to it (1 Chron. xxix, 15; Job xiv, 2). Shadow is also used in the sense of darkness, gloom, " the shadow of death" — i. e. death-shade, a season of se- vere trial, heavy sorrow (Psa. xxiii), or depicting a state of ignorance and wretchedness (jNIatt. iv. IG ; Luke i, 79). Hackett {Illust. of Script. y>A& sq.) thinks that David's image of the valley of death's shadow may have been suggested by such wild, dreary ravines as the Wady Aly. Shadow is also used for covering and protection from the lieat for repose, \vhere the word shade would be prefer- able. The Jlessiah " is as the shade of a great rock in a weary land" (Isa. xxxii, 2; xlix, 2; Sol. Song ii, 3; Psa. xvii, 8; Ixiii, 7; xci, 1) (comp. Hackett, lUust. of Script, p. 50 sq.). Shadow is used to indicate that the Jewish economy was an adumbration, or a shadowing- forth, of the things future and more perfect in the Chris- tian dispensation (Heb. viii, 5; x, 1 ; Col. ii, 17). On the curative power of Peter's shadow (Acts v, 15), see Engelschall, De Umbra Petri (Lips. 1725) ; Krakewitz, id. (Host, 170-1).