certainty that the " Rpval i^^f ,!' "' ^V^ <■ -n -- ,,^,. „. , -, Gate ' at PiilMce of Persepolis. House (i, 9) and the (Scale 100 feet to au inch.) " House of the Women"
(ii, 9, 11) were situated behind this great hall to the southward, or between it and the citadel, and had a di- rect communication with it either by means of a bridge over the ravine, or a covered way underground, most prob- ably the former. There seems also no reasonable doubt that it was in front of one of the lateral porticos of tliis building that king Ahasuerus (Xerxes) " made a feast unto all the people that were present in Shushan the palace, both unto great and small, seven days, in the court of the yarden of the kimjs palace; where were white, green, and blue hangings, fastened with cords of fine linen and purple to silver rings and pillars of marble: the beds were of gold and silver upon a pavement of red, and blue, and white, and black marble" (Esth. i, 5, 6). From this it is evident that the feast took place, not in the interior of any hall, but out of doors, in tents erected in one of the courts of the palace, such as we may easily fancy existed in front of cither the eastern or the west- ern porch of the great central building.
Tlie whole of this great group of buildings was raised on an artificial mound, nearly square in plan, measuring about 1000 feet each way, and rising to a height appar- ently of 60 or 60 feet above the plain. As the jirincipal building must, like those at Persepolis, have had a talar, or raised plattbrm [see Templk], above its roof, its height could not have been less than 100 or 120 feet, and its elevation above the plain must consequently have been 170 or 200 feet. It would be difficult to conceive any- thing much grander in an architectural point of view than such a building, rising to such a height out of a group of subordinate palace-buildings, interspersed with
SHUSHAN-EDUTH
720
SIAM
trees and shrubs, and the whole based on such a terrace, risiiij; fmm the flat but fertile plains that are watered by the Eidanis at its base. See Peiwia.
Shu'shaii-e'duth (Heb. Shushan' Eduth', yJIO rin"), an exjiression occurring in the phrase "To the chief musician upon Shushan-eduth," which is plainly a musical direction, whatever else may be obscure about it (Psa. Ix, title). In Psa. Ixxx we have the fuller phrase SuosHANNiM-KDfTHjof which Hiidiger regards Shushan- eduth as an abbreviation ((iesenius, Thesaur. p. 1385). As it now stands it denotes the lily of testimony, and possibly contains the first words of some psalm to the melody of wliich that to which it was prefixed was sung; and the preposition ??, '«/ (A. V. "upon") would then signify " after, in the manner of,"' indicating to the con- ductor of the Temple choir the air which he was to follow. The Sept. and Vulg. appear to have read 0"'i'w'2"l3^", for they render toIq «\Xoiai3'/j(TOjUf voic and /5?o his qui im- mutabnntur respectively. In the Sept. r^^nif.), eduth, be- comes T", \'>d, tTi. There does not appear to be much support for the view taken by some (as by Joel Bril) that Shushan-eduth is a musical instrument, so called from its resemblance to a lily in shape (Simonis), or from having lily-shaped ornaments upon it, or from its six (shesh) strings. Fiirst. in consistency with his theory with respect to the titles of the Psalms, regards Shushan- eduth as the name of one of the twenty-four divisions of singers appointed by David, so called after a band- master. Sliiishan, and having its headquarters at Eduth, which he conjecfres may be the same as Adithaim in Josh. XV, 3G (//(iiidicb. s. v.). As a conjecture this is certainly ingenious, but it has the disadvantage of in- troducing as many difficulties as it removes. Simonis (^Lex. s. v.) connects edUfh with the Arabic 'iid, a lute, or kind of guitar played with a plectrum, and considers it to be the melody produced by this instrument; so that in his view Sliushan-eduth imlicates that the lily- shaped cymbals were to be accompanied with playing on tlie lute, (iesenius proposes to render eduth a "rev- elation," and hence a psalm or song revealed ; but there seems no reason why we should depart from the usual meaning as above given, and we may therefore regard the words in question as a fragment of an old psalm or melody, the same in character as Aijeleth Shahar and others, which contained a direction to the leader of the choir. — Smith. See Psalms.
Shushan Gate of the Temple at Jerusalem (iTi'^^n y^'^w, iVIishna, C'helim, xvii, 9) was located in the eastern outer wall, being the only entrance on that side. We should naturally identify it with the present dolden Gate, which is evidently a Ilerodian structure; but this can hardly' be done, as it lay in a direct line with the interior gates. See Temple.
Shute, Daniel, D.D., a Unitarian minister, was born at Maiden, Mass., July 19, 1722. He entered Harvard College in 1739, and graduated in 1743. In September, 174(5, he accepted a call to the Third (now Second) (jliurch in Hingham, Mass., and was ordained its pastor l)('c. 10, 1740. In both the French and Hev- olutionary wars Mr. Shute entered warmly into the feelings of the people. In 1758 he was ap])ointed by (iov. Pownall chaplain of Col. Joseph Williams's regi- ment. In 1780 he was chosen delegate to the conven- tion to frame a constitution for the state, and in 1788 he was associated with (Jen. Lincohi to rejiresent the town in the convention of Massachusetis which ratified the Constitution of tlie United States. Dr. .Slmte re- lin({ui8hed his public labors in March, 1799, retaining his pastoral relation till his decease, but giving up his salary. He died Aug. 30, 1802. Dr. Shute pid>lished three Sermons (17(;7, 'G8, '87). See Sprague, A iinuls of the .1 mir. I'ulpit, viii, 18.