Shuts, Josias, rector of St. Marj- Woolnot h, l>ondon. lie suflereil during the civil wars for liis attachment to
Charles I, and was made archdeacon of Colchester in 1642, but died the same year. After his death appeared Ten ISermous ( Lond. 1044, 4to): — Judgment, or The Pldfjue of Frof/s Injiicted, Sermons, etc. (1645, 4to) : — Surah (ind //df/tir, or Gen. xvii Opened in Nineteen Ser- mons (1049, fol.). See AUibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer, A uthors, s. V.
Shu'thalhite (Heb. collectivelj- with the art. hash- Shnthalchi', "^npr'i'n, patronymic from Shuthehih ; Sejit. 6 Soii^aXni V. r. "ZovToKati and QovaaXaX), a designation of the descendants of Shutiielaii (q. v.), the son of Ejjhraim (Numb, xxvi, 35).
Shu'thelah (Heb. Shuthe'luch, n^n^ld, perhaps noise of breaking [Gesenius], or setting [i. e. son] of Shelach [Fiirst], or fresh plant [IMiihlau]; Sept. in Numb. Soi'^aXfi or SovraXa v. r. OovcraXd or Owaot)- (jaXd, in Chron. 2w3aXa v. r. Stu^aXs and Sw^aXfiS), the name of two Ephraimites.
1. First named of the three sons of Ephraim, but not father of Eran (Numb, xxvi, 35, 36), through whom he became the progenitor of a family that bore both their names (1 Chron. vii, 20). B.C. post 1856 and ante 1802. See BEREn.
2. A descendant of the preceding, being the son of Zabad and the father of Ezer and Elead (1 Chron. vii, 21). B.C. apparently post 1018.
Shuttle. See Weaver.
Shuttleworth, Philip Nicholas, D.D., an Eng- lish clergyman, was born at Kirkham, Lancashire, in 1782. He was educated at Winchester, and thence elected scholar of New College, Oxford, in 1800. He became rector of Foxley, Wiltshire, in 1824; tutor of his college, and in 1820 proctor of Oxford; warden of New College in 1822, bishop of Chichester in 1840. He died in 1842. His published works consist of Sennons on some of the Leading Principles of Christianity (Lond. 2 vols."8vo; vol. i, 1827; 2d ed. 1829; vol. ii, 1834; 3d ed. of both, 1840, 2 vols. 8vo) : — Parapihrastic Trans- lation of the Apostolical Epistles (Oxf. 1829, 8vo; 5th ed. ISbA) -.-^Consistency of the Whole Scheme of Revela- tion, etc. (Lond. 1832, 12mo): — Sermons before the Uni- versity of Oxford (ibid. 1840, sm. 8vo). See Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. ; AUibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. V.
Si'a (Heb. Sid, NS."^p, congregation ; Sept. ^idia V. r. ' Atyovia, etc.), one of the family heads of the Nethinim whose "children" returned from the captiv- ity with Zerubbabel (Neh. vii, 47). B.C. ante 530. In the parallel passage (Ezra ii, 44) the name is written SiAiiA (q. v.).
Si'aha (Heb. Siahd, Xni''^p, congregation; Sept. Siafi v. r. 'Affrtci, etc.), one of the chief Nethinim (Ezra ii, 44) ; elsewhere (Neh. vii, 47) called Sia (q. v.).
Siam (meaning in Malay the bi-oum race) is called by its people Muang Tliai, " the kingdom of the free," i. e. free from the superstitions of the Brahmins. It is the chief kingdom of the peninsula called Indo-China, or Farther India. Siam proper occupies the middle portion of the peninsula, with all the country surround- ing the (iulf of Siam, and stretches between lat. 4^ and 22° N., and between long. 97° and 106° E. Its greatest length is 13.50 miles, its breadth 450 miles, while its area is estimated at from 190,000 to 300,000 square miles (probal)ly the latter estimate is nearly correct), with a iiopulation of between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000.
I. ^S'()t7, Clim<ite, etc. — A considerable portion of Siam is covered with mountains and bills. Two mountain ranges, extending mainly south-east from the Hima- laya, form general natural divisions from China on the north, and jiarlly from Anam on the east, and Burmali and British India on the west. A third range passes through the central regions, and in this is situated the P'hra Bat, or mountain of "the sacred foot" of Buddha. The great river of the country is called by foreigners
SIAM
(21
SIBBECAI
Menam, or Meinam, and is the Nile of Siam, Its an- nual iiiuiulation commences in June antl ends in No- vember, and the area of land thus fertilized is upwards of "iijOOO square miles. The coast-line may be rout^hly estimated at 1100 miles, with several excellent harbors. The seasons are two: the wet or hot, and the dry or cool. The former begins near the middle of ^larch, the latter in October. Siam is rich in natural productions. Eice, sugar, pepper, cotton, and hemp are the staple products. There are also many valuable articles pro- cured from the forests — gutta-percha, lac, dammar, cost- ly woods, etc. The animal kingdom is very varied, furnishing rhinoceroses, tigers, leopards, bears, otters, musks, civets, wild bogs, monkeys, deer, and elephants, especially the white elephant.
II. Inhabitants and Government. — The Siamese are mainly of Mongolian type, but there is much reason to suppose that they are closely allied to the great Indo- European race. According to the researches of the late king, out of 12,800 Siamese words more than .5000 are found to be Sanscrit, or to have their root in that lan- guage, and the rest in the Indo-European tongue. Be- sides the Siamese, a great variety of races inhabit the territories of Siam, as the Chinese, Cambodians, etc. Ac- cording to the French consul at Bangkok, Gamier (187-1), the population of Siam proper and its Laos dependen- cies is composed of 1,800.000 Siamese, 1,500,000 Chi- nese, 1,000,000 Laos, -200,000 IMalays, 50,000 Cambo- dians, 50,000 Peguans, 50,000 Karens, and others. The Siamese proper are gentle, timid, careless, indolent, and yet peaceable and polite. Most of the business is in the hands of the Chinese. Marriage takes place as early as eighteen for males and fourteen for females, with- out the aid of priest or magistrate, though the former may be present to offer prayers. The number of wives, ordinarily one, may, among the wealthy, reach scores and hundreds, but the first is the wife proper, to whom the rest are subject. Eighty or ninety per cent, of the males can read, a limited education being gratuitously furnished at the temples.