Simon (St.) and Jude's (St.) Day, a holy day appointed by the Church for the commemoration of these two saints, associated probably because of their relationship (Matt, xiii, 55), Oct. 28. When this festi- val was instituted history does not inform us; but it is usually referred to the r2th or 13th century. See Rid- dle, Christ. Antiq.; Hook, Ch. Diet.
Simon, Honore Richard, a French scholar, but no connection of the following, was born at Castellane in the latter part of the 17th centurj-. After having been curate of St. Uze, a small parish in the neighborhood of St. Vallier, he went for his health to Lyons, where he compiled his Grand Dictionnaire de la Bible (1693, fol.), a work the reputation of which is attested by several later editions (ibid. 1713, 1717, 2 vols, fol.), and which maintained its place till suiiplanted by that of Calmet, who made great use of it in his own Dictionary. Simon died at Lyons in 1()93. — lloefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Simon, Richard, a French Hebrew scholar, was born at Dieppe I\Iay 13, 1638. He entered the Congre- gation of tlie Oratory in 1662, and soon distinguished himself in Oriental studies. He taught philosophy first at Jiiilly and then at Paris, where be employed himself in forniin}; a catalogue of the numerous and valuable Oriental MSS. in the library of the Oratory, and thence making collodions which assisted him greath' in his subsequent labors. From the beginning of his career he was distinguished by a boldness of tliought and action which is rarely found in members of his communion;
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and the first work of magnitude which he attempted was prompted by the offer of 12,000 livres by the Protestants of Charenton for a new translation of the Bible in place of that of Geneva, which was objected to as antiquated and obscure. But his plan of a version which should be equally acceptable to Protestants and Roman Catholics had no result except to bring upon him the rebukes of his Roman Catholic brethren. His celebrity is chiefly owing to his Critical tJistory of the Old Test., first pub- lished in 1 078. In the course of this work he denies that l\Ioses was the author of the Pentateuch, and attributes its compilation to scribes of the time of Esdras, acting under the direction of the Great Synagogue. So daring a criticism could not fail to excite the alarm of his cen- sor Pirot, and the hook was by him submitted to Bossuet, who obtained an order from the chancellor to forbid its publication until more rigorously examined. The result of the examination was a decree of council suppressing the work, and ordering all copies of it to be destroyed. One of these escaped, and was the basis of a defective edition published by the Elzevirs in Holland. A Latin translation bj^ Aubert de Verse is still more defective. But a very correct edition, with preface, apology, mar- ginal notes, and controversial tracts, was published at Rotterdam in 1685 by Raineer Leers. An English trans- lation was published in London in 1682. In consequence of his views, Simon was compelled in 1678 to quit the Oratory, and retired to the village of Belleville in Nor- mand}', of which he had been appointed curate in 1676. In 1682 he resigned this charge and went to Paris, where he occupied himself entirely in literary labor. He finally returned to Dieppe, where he died of fever April 11, 1712. He bequeathed his MSS. to the cathedral of Rouen. Besides the above work, Simon published a large number of others, chiefly on Biblical subjects, which are enumerated in Hoefer, A'o?«'. Bioi/. Generale, s. v.
Simonetta, Giacomo, an Italian cardinal, was born' at Milan about 1475, and after education at Padua and Pavia was made priest and went to Rome, where Ju- lius I appointed him advocate consistorial in 1505, and later auditor of the Bofn. Clement VII gave him the bishopric of Pesaro in 1529, and Paul III created him cardinal in 1535, giving him also the bishopric of Perugia as well as the administration of the dioceses of Lodi, Sutri, Nepi, and Conza. Simonetta died at Rome Nov. 1, 1539, having published only two treatises: TJe Resej-- vationibits Beiiejiciorum (Cologne, 1583; Rome, 1588), and De Vita et Miraculis Franciscide Paula (ibid. 1625).
His younger brother, Giacomo Filippo, likewise born at INlilan, also became an ecclesiastic, and was provided with rich benefices. He wrote Epif/rummata (Milan, s. d.) and other poems. — Hoefer, Xouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Simonetta, Ludovico, an Italian cardinal, was born at Milan early in the 16th century. After having received the diploma of doctor in utroqite jure (1535), he entered holy orders, and succeeded his uncle Giacomo as bishop of Pesaro in 1536. In 1560 he was called to the episcopal see of Lodi, and was made cardinal in 1561, and in 1564 one of the legates at the Council of Trent. He died at Rome, April 30, 1568. There is preserved in the Ambrosial! Library at Milan part of his Correspondence with Charles Borromeo, whose friend he was. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Simonians, a heretical sect which arose in the 2d century, and owed its origin to the antichristian in- fluence and teaching of Simon Magus (q. v.). The re- cent discovery of The Refutation of All Heresies, a work written by Hippolytus early in the 3d century, gives a summary of a work by Simon IMagus, called The Great Announcement, a Revelation of the Voice and Name Rec- ognisable hy means of Intellectual Apprehension of the Great Indefinite Power, in which his system was set forth. That sj'Stem is one of thorough and unflinching panthe- ism. He introduced into his verv' definition of the Di- vine Nature that its substance is exhibited in material