21. St. Louis, Sisters of an order founded in 1808 by Madame Malesherbes and her daughter, Madame Mole. There are four establishments, devoted to in- struction and religious contemplation.
22. St. Madeleine, Sisteis of — This order was found- ed at Strasburg in 1225, and approved by pope Greg- ory IX in 1257. It is under the Augustinian rule. In 1474, during the wars, it was broken up, and the build- ings destroyed. The order was afterwards restored, and largely beneficed by the pope. In 1523, so greatly had its income increased that the magistrates obliged it to contribute largely of its revenue for civil purposes, and in 1525 its entire income was confiscated.
23. St. Martha, Sisters of an order that was founded in 1813 by Mile. Edwige de Vivier at Romans. In 1815 it was settled into a community, having had a house built for its accommodation. It was confirmed by the government in 1826, and in 1848 had 30 establisliraents and about 4500 sisters.
24. St. Mai'tha, Si<<te7's of, at Periyuenx, founded in 1643, and approved by the bishop in 1650. In 1701 a general iiospital was established, and another in 1711. During the Revolution the Sisters were nearly destroyed, being expelled from their house. Afterwards they were allowed to return, but in 1839 took possession of a new convent. At present thev have 30 houses. Another
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branch of this order, called the Sisters of the Orphans, was founded at Gras in 1831. It has 9 houses and about 45 sisters.
25. Modesty, Sisters of founded at Venice about 1573 by Dejanara Valmarana. under the rule of St. Francis. Their emploj'ment consists in teaching, visiting the poor, and religious exercises. They have several houses.
26. Nativity of our Lord, Sisters of the, foimded at Crest, France, in 1813, and a second house at Valence in 1814. The order was approved by the king in 1826, and by pope Pius IX in 1«55.
27. Natirity of the Virgin, Sisters of the, founded at Saint -Germain- en -Laye, France, in 1818. They are under the Augustinian rule, and devote themselves to the education of girls, having a large boarding-school. They have also a free school for poor children.
28. Nazareth, Holy Family of. Sisters of the, founded in 1851. Their object is principally to prepare girls for vocations by religious instruction. They were approved by the bishop in 1855. Another house, Notre Dame of Nazareth, was founded at Marseilles about 1840 by brother Olivier. It was established for the purpose of instructing slave-girls purchased in the markets of the Levant. The Society of lAidies of Nazareth was formed at Moritmirail, France, in 1822. In 1853 the Ladies founded a house at Nazareth, in Palestine. They now have three houses.
29. Paul, St., Daiiyhters of, founded at Treguier, France, in 1699. Their several establishments were broken up during the Revolution, and their convents are now occupied by the Ursulines.
30. Paul, St., Ilospitid Sisters of called Sisters of St. Maurice de Chartres, were founded in 1690, re-es- tablished in 1808, and approveil by the government, and also by an imperial edict, in 1811. They had in 1859 38 establishments in the diocese of Chartres, and 67 in the remainder of France ; in England, 9 houses, and 1 in Hong-Kong.
31. Paul, St., Sisters of — This congregation was founded at Angouleme, France, in 1826, and was under the Franciscan rule. The Sisters are sometimes called Tjudies of Doyenne, and have three houses in France.
32. Philippines, Oblate Sisters of were founded at Rome by Rutilio Brandi in 1620, and confirmed by Ur- ban VIII. The object of the sisterhood was the educa- tion of poor girls, and they were under a cardinal pro- tector.
33. Philomene, St., Sisters of were established at Poi- tiers, France, in 1835, and approved in 1838. They founded a small agricultural college for boys, and in 1859 had about 56 sisters.
34. Poor, Little Sisteis of the, were founded at Saint- Servan, Brittany, by the abbe Le Pailleur in 1840. Much opposed at first, tiiey soon opened houses in all the cities of France. They were approved by Pius IX, July 9, 1854, and recognised by the French government in 1856. In 1868 they came to Brooklyn, N. Y., and now have houses in Cincinnati, New Orleans, Baltimore, St. Louis, New York, Philadelphia, Louisville, and Boston. There is another community, styled .S;Ve?-« of the Poor of St. Fraticis, which originated at Aix-la-Chapelle in the present century, and came to the United States in 1857. They have many establishments in the large cities.
35. Pre,<sentation, Sisters of the. — Under this general name were several congregations. That of Notre Dame, founded in the diocese of Digue, France, by Mgr. IMiol- liss, bishop of Digne, was recognised by royal ordinance in 1826. In 1859 they bad 3 establishments and 100 sisters.
36. Presentation of the Viryin, Si^teis of the. — This order was founded at Tours. France, in 1684 by Marie Poussepin. It has been a fiourisliing community, hav- ing a large number of cstalilishments, with about 1200 sisters, who are chietly engaged in hospital work. The Presentation of Mary was founded at Bourg Saint- Andeol, France, by Madame Rivier, in 1796, and ap- proved by Gregory XVI in 1836. Several other estab-
SISTERHOODS
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SISTY
lishments exist in France. In 1853 an establishment was formed at Sainte-Marie-de-Monnoir, Canada, which has now {187!>j in the diocese of St. Hyacinth 9 honses, •200 sisters, and 1500 pnpils. Of the Order of the Pres- entation there are in the United States 3 houses, 58 sisters, and 875 pupils.