„. ,.,. living beings. To
Fiiruie of biva. ^ ,^ .
renounce the joys
of love is to act contrary to his will, for he himself passed a hundred celestial years in the arms of the fas- cinating Uma, an earlier form of Parvati. He conse- quently awakens all life, as he destroys it — a contradic- tion whose solution must be found in the fact that the natural and religious teachings of the Hindfls do not recognise any real annihilation, but simply a transfor- mation, change, the passing from one condition into another. Siva a|)pears as an immeasurable pillar of fire whose dimensions Vishnu and Bralima camiot es- timate, and as Mahadeva (tlie great god) ; and also in a large number of additional avatars, in all of which he promotes the welfare of the world by means of destruc- tion. The worshif) paid him is accordingly both cruel and lascivious. The frequent devedashies celebrated in the pagodas of India are chiefly in his honor. — Voll- mcr, Wurterb. d. Mylhol. s. v.
Sivabramnals, in Hindtusm, are Brahmins of the sect of .Sivaites, who recognise Siva as the supreme deity.
Si'van (Ileb. .SiVvin', I'l'^p; Sept. Nfirav), the third month of the Hebrew year, from the new moon of .June to the new moon of .Fuly. The name admits of a He- brew etymology ; but as it occurs only in Estli. viii, 0, it is better to regard it as of Persian origin, like the other names of montlis; the corresponding Persian month hc- in^ Sejhul-tirmed ; 7,cui\, Cpeii/i A rmiii/i ; Pehlvi, .SVi- pand-omad (Benfey, Aloiiatsnameii, p. 13,41 sq., \'2i sq. ;
Gesenius, Thesaur. p. 946). — Kitto. See Calendar; Month.
Sivpasadana, a term employed by the Buddhists in Ceylon to denote almsgiving when practiced in re- lation to the priests. Of tliis almsgiving there are four divisions : 1. Chi wara-dana, the gift of robes ; 2. Ahara- diina, the gift of food ; 3. Sayanasana-dilna, the gift of a pallet on which to recline: 4. Gilanapratya-dana, the gift of medicine or sick diet. See Hardy, Eastern Monachism.
Six-Principle Baptists. See Baptists, Six-
PkINCII'LK.
Sixt, Christian Heinrich, D.D., a German theo- logian, member of consistory, and dean of Nuremberg, who died Aug. 20, 18G6, is best known as the biographer of Paul Ebej- (q.v.) (Heidelberg, 1843 ; Ansbach, 1857). He also wrote, Petrus Paulus Bergerius, jmpstlicher Nun- tius, katholischer Bischof nnd Vorkdmpjer des Evari' geliums (Brunswick, 1855) ; the same in a popular edi- tion (ibid. 1856). See Zuchold, Bibliotheca Theol. iii, 1233 ; Literarischer Handweiser, 1866, p. 356. (B. P.)
Sixtus Senknsis, an Italian convert from Judaism, was born at Sienna in 1520. After his conversion to Christianity he joined the Order of Franciscans, and distinguished himself by his preaching in many cities of Italy. Having been accused of heterodoxy, the In- quisition condemned him to the stake, but he was saved through the intervention of the cardinal Michael (ihis- lieri, afterwards pope Pius V, with whose aid he joined the Dominicans. He now betook himself to the study of Greek, Hebrew, history, and philosophy, and distin- guished himself both as a writer and a preacher. He died in 1569. The work which immortalized his name is his Bibliotheca Sancta ex Prcecipnis Catliolicm Eccl. A uctoribus Collecta (Venice, 1566, and often ; lastly Na- ples, 1742), which he dedicated to pope Pius V, and in his dedication he states, " Me, quern tu olim, ab inferis revocatum et errorum tenebris eriitum, sincero veritatis lumine illustrasti," etc. The Bibliotheca is divided into eight books : the first treats of the division and author- ity of the Scriptures; the second contains a historical and alphabetical index of the matter; the third treats of the inter;)retation of the Holy Writings; the fourth gives an alphabetical list of Catholic interpreters; the fifth (published also separately with the title Ars In- tei-pi-etandi S. Scripturas Absolutissima [Cologne, 1577- 88]) contains a hermeneutic of the Scriptures, the sixth and seventh contain exegetical disquisitions; and the last an apology of the Scriptures. The work was highly esteemed among both Catholics and Protestants. Be- sides this, he also published homilies and mathematical writings. See Kalkar, Israel ii. die Kirche, p. 72 sq. ; Theolofiisches Universal- Lexikon, s. v. ; Dupin, Bibl. vol. xvi ; Wolf, Bibl. Hebrcea, i, 930 ; Simon [R.], Hisloire Critique, p. 457 sq. ; Fabricii Delectus A rf/amentoj-um et Syllabus, p. 516; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v. (B. 1'.)
Sixtiis I (t^t.), pope, was born at Rome, of a senato- rial family, near the close of the 1st century, and suc- ceeded Alexander I in 119. We know little of his life, except that he perished in 127 during the persecution ordered by the emperor Hadrian. He was canonized, and his day was fixed as Aug. 6, although he appears in the martyrologies likewise under April 3 or 6. There have been attributed to him two decretal Letters, which are spurious; there is also a Commentary under his name in the patristic collections. He was succeeded in the episcopal oflice by Telesphorus.
Sixtus II ('^V.), pope, was born at Athens about the year 180, and was originally a philosopher. Being elected (Aug. 24, 247) to succeed Ste])hen I, he was ac- cused, during the ])er8ecution under Valerian, of preach- ing Christianity, and was brought to the Temple of Mars to offer sacrifice, but, refusing, he was martyred, Aug. 6, 258. Two of the false decretals [see Discrb-