been duly prepared in his native country for the .Jewish ministry, besides having studied several modem lan- guages, he caine to England, havitig been elected min- ister of the .Sepliardi Congregation of London. In 1831 he began to ]ireach iti the Portuguese synagogue, and his sermons were in all probability the first ever deliv- ered in the English tongue in those precincts. He died Oct. 29, 18()0. Besides some sermons, he published A lli^toricul Essay on the Poets, Poetry, aiul Melodies of the Sephardic Lituryy, to E. Aguilar's ancient melo- dies of the liturgy of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews (London, 1857): — h'if/hteeii Treatises from the Mishna, translated in connection with jSI. J. Haphall (q. v.) (ibid. 184.5, 2d eil.) : — The Festival Pi-ayers uccordinr; to the Custom of the (Jerman and Polish Jews, the Hebrew text with an English translation (ibid. 18G0, 6 vols.). See Picciotto, Sketches of Anylo-Jewish History (ibid. 1875), p. 359 sq. ; Fiirst, Bibl. Jiid. iii, 349, (B. P.)
Solar, Soi.t.Eit (Lat. solarium), a loft, garret, or upper chamber. In a raediieval house it was usually situated behind the dais, separated from it by the end of the hall, and had a cellar under it; these two stories together were not so higii as the h.all, leaving the gable of the lofty roof with the window in it free above them. This was the lord's chainber, and there generally was a small opening from the solar into the hall, from which the lord could overlook the proceeding, and hear all that passed. The term solar is also used for the rood- loft (q. v.) of a church. Iti Norfolk, Forbj- observes that the belfry -loft is termed the soUer, or the bell- soUer.
Solares, or Chamsi, a small sect inhabiting a certain district of Mesopotamia, and supposed by some to be descetidants of the Samsacans mentioned by Epi- phanius. Hyde (^History of the Ancient Religion of the Persians) describes them as amounting to not more than a thousand souls; having no priests nor doctors, and no places of meeting except caves, where they per- form their religious worship, the mysteries of which are kept so secret that they have not been discovered even by those who have been converted to the Chris- tian religion. Being compelled bj' the Mohammedans to declare themselves members of some Christian com- munion, they chose the Jacobite sect, baptizing their children and burying their dead according to the cus- tom of these Christians. They are considered by some to be the same as the Ei.kesaites (q. v.). See (Jard- ner. Faiths of the World, s. v. ; Mosheim, Eccles. Hist. iii, 124.
Solari, Andrea, surnamcd del Gohho, an Italian ])aiiiter, tlourislied in the former half of the IGth cen- tury. He was a good colorist, and evidently belonged to the school of Da Vinci. He painted the metiibers of the Holy Family for various museums, and took part in the decoration of the castle of Gaillon.
Solari, Cristoforo, surnamcd il Oohbo, an Italian sculi)tor and architect, brother of the preceding, flour- ished in the latter part of the loth century. He was one of the most illustrious artists that worked at Char- treuse and Pavia, and on the cathedral of Milan. It is diliicult to distinguish his pieces, except some sacred (igures in ^lilan.
Solder (pS'n, dehek, from p3"1. to stick), irelding of metal (Isa. xii, 7). The same Heb. word likewise de- notes a "/«/«/" of a coat of mail (1 Kings xxiii, 24; 2 Chron. xviii, 33).
Soldier (in 1 1 eb. only collect, for N3a, an army; or by periphrase; arfmruonjc). Sec AitMV.
SOLDIER OF CllKI.ST, an expression borrowed from a well-knowti Scripture simile, and freijuently in- troduced or alluded to in the Prayer-book (see Offices for Jiaplijim). In some of the older writers of the Church of England the word " knight" was use<l in ! the same sense; "The fourth gift of the Holy Spirit is
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the gift of strength which armeth God's knight, and maketh his soul hardy and strong to suffer divers dis- eases for God's love" (Wycliffe).— Stanton, Vict, of the Church, s. V.
Soldins, a Christian sect, so called from their lead- er, one Soldin, a Greek priest. They appeared about the middle of the 5th century in the kingdoms of Saba and Godolia. They altered the manner of the sacrifice of the mass; their priests offered gold, their deacons incense, and their subdeacons myrrh ; and this in mem- ory of the like offerings made to the infant Jesus by the wise men. Very few authors mention the Soldins, neither do we know whether they still subsist.
Sole (r|3, prop, th^ palm of the hand). See Foot.
Solea {a(i)\ka, aoXia), a part of the church respect- ing which ecclesiastical writers are not agreed. Latin writers use the word solea. It is supposed to denote certain seats at the entrance of the chancel appropri- ated to the use of emperors, kings, magistrates, or other persons of distinction. The seats of the inferior clergj' and monks are sometimes designated by the same name. According to Walcott (Sacred A rchteol. s. v.) it was the space in a Greek church between the ambon and sanctuary; in a Latin church between the choir and presbytery. In the basilica it was raised several steps above the ambon and the choir of minor clerks. Here the communion was given to all but the clergy, and subdeacons and readers sat, and the candidate for the priesthood was led from this part to the altar.