Stratton, Isaiah, a Baptist minister, was born at Salem, N. J., Oct. 25, 1782. He became a member of the Second Baptist Church in Philadelphia, Aug. 14, 1808, and was licensed by that Church to preach Feb. 12, 1812. He spent some time in preaching in Phila- delphia and its vicinity. His ordination took place Feb. 20, 1814, when he became pastor of the Clnirch at New Mills, N. J., now known as the Pemberton Church. He did not long survive his ordination, his death oc- curring June 7, 1816. He was a 3'oung minister of much promise. See The Missionary Jubilee, p. 116. (J. C. S.)
Strauch, ^gidius, a Lutheran divine of Germany, was born F'eb. 21, 1632, at Wittenberg. When fourteen years of age he attended the lectures at the uni- versity of his native place. From 1649 to 1651 he at- tended the lectures at Leipsic, and after his return to his place of birth he was made magister, and in 1653 he was appointed adjunct to the philosophical faculty. He soon advanced, an<l in 1G62 he was honored with the degree of D.D., and in 1664 he was appointed to the chair of Church history. In 1669 he was called to Dant- zic, but, on account of his controversies with the Cal- vinists and Papists, he accepted in 1675 a call to Ham- burg. On his way thither he was made a prisoner and l)rought to Colberg. After his release, he started again for Hamburg, but was again imprisoned at the order of Frederick William of Brandenburg, because of his vehe- ment preaching against the Calvinists, and was brought to Kiistrin, where he remained three years. In 1678 he was released through the mediation of the people of Dantzic, and died Dec. 13, 1682. He wrote, Dissertatio de Anno Ebrworum Ecclesiastico (Wittenberg, 1661): — Dissertatio de Compufo Talmudico - Rabbbdco ( ibid. 1661): — Dissertatio de Computo Julio -Constantineano (ibid. 1662) : — De Panitentia Ninevitarum (ibid. 1664) : — and especially Dreriarium Chronologirvm, translated into English by Hichard Sault (last ed. 1745). See Koch, Gesch. des deiiischen Kirchenliedes, iii, 407 sq.; Jocher, Allr;eni. Gelehrten-Lexikon, s. v.; Furst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 392 sq. (B. P.)
Straughan, Sajiuki- L., a Baptist minister, was born in Northumberland County. Ya., July 30, 1783, and at tiie age of about twelve years became a clerk in his uncle's store, where he continued until his nineteenth year. He was baptized April 7, 1803, received ordina- tion March 20, ISOi!, and on the .same day took charge of the Wicomico Church, soon taking rank among the first Baptist ))reachcrs of Virginia. In 1807 he took charge of the Morattico Church, which he held until his death. In 1814 he was appointed by the Mission- ary Society of Kichmond to travel in IMarvland, and continued to make visits into that state for a number of years. He died June 9, 1821. Mr. Straughan pub- lished nothing except three Circular Letters ( 1812, 1817. 1819). See Sprague, ^ nn«& of the Amer. Pulpit, vi, 514.
STRAUND
1059
STRAUSS
Straund, in Norse mythologr, was one of the rivers of hell.
Strauniks. See Russian Sects,
Strauss, David Friedrich, a notorious German theolof^ian, was born at Luilwigsbtirj;. in WiirtenibcTf;, Jan. 27, 1808. He was educated at Blaubouren and Tu- bingen ; in 1830 was appointed curate, and in 1831 pro- fessor's assistant in tlie seminary at llaulbroini ; after which he proceeded to Berlin to study the Hegelian philosophy and to hear Schleiermacher. In 1832 he became under-teacher in the Theological Institute at Tubingen, and delivered lectures on philosophy in the university. While acting in this capacity, he wrote his great work, Das Ltben Jisu, which occasioned his dismissal from his situation. He accepted the position of teacher in the Lyceum at Ludwigsburg, whicli he re- signed in 183G to become private tutor at Stuttgart. While there he prepared a reply to his ojiponents in his Streitschriften (1847), and in his Zicei friedlkhe Blatter he sought to place his case in the most favorable point of view. He was appointed, by the Council of Education of Zurich, professor of divinity and of Church history in the universitj', February, 1839, but the ap- pointment gave such dissatisfaction that Strauss was dismissed from office, with a pension, however, of a thousand francs. In 1848 he was an unsuccessful can- didate for the Frankfort Parliament, but was elected to the Diet at Stuttgart, from which he withdrew in De- cember on account of the unpopularity of his political conservatism. After a long residence in Darmstadt, be returned in 1872 to his native town, where he died of cancer, Feb. 9, 1874, and was buried, bj- his own direc- tion, without any Church service. Strauss was unhap- py in his domestic life. In 1841 he married a formerly beautiful and celebrated actress, Agnes Schebert, who admired his talents; but after five years of incompatible living together, the fruit of which was a daughter, tiiey separated by mutual consent. Besides the above pro- ductions, Strauss published an attempt to resolve the- ology as a whole into philosophy {Christ!. Glduhenshhre [Tub. 1840, 2 vols.]), and later devoted himself to roman- tic, political, and general literature, with occasional ar- ticles on theology, for which see Zuchold, Bill, Thvol, s. v.
The early training of Strauss, in the light of which the genesis of his principal work must be explained, is described by the autlior himself in the art. ".Justiuus Kerner"in the Uall. Jahrb. 1838, No. 1, and more fully by Vischer in the same journal, 1838, p. 1081-1120. On the relation of Strauss to the philosophy of Hegel, com- pare No. 3 of his Streitschriften and the biography en- titled Christ. Mdrklin, etc. (1851). He manifested at the beginning of his studies a fondness for the fogs of transcendental romanricism, but also for the nature-phi- losophy of Schelliug and tlie theosophy of Bolime. The influence of Schleiermacher aroused in him the dialecti- cal spirit, the exercise of which resulted in urging him beyond thelimifsof the accepted faith. I'nder the teach- ing of Baur, sporadic doubts hail risen in the mind of Strauss with respect to the credibility of the (iospel, even before his student-years had conic to a close, and they were confirmed by the reading of Hegel's writings, of whose influence over him he remarks that they " lia<l freed him from certain religious and philosoiihical preju- dices." He now felt himself called to luidertake a philo- sophical task which neilher Hegel himself nor any of his followers had attempted to perform, namely, to carry forward with logical consistency, and to its ultimate con- sequences, the application of the Hegelian pliilosophy to the Gospel histories. The adherents of that i)hilosophy were, as a general thing, disposed to claim for their sys- tem a triumph in relation to Christianity as the religion of the Spirit, which had never been achieved with re- gard to any other religion — an alleged harmonizing, namely, of its form and substance, of t be expression and the idea, so that Luther's catechism, for example, and