Stripe (usually some form of n-3, nakcih, to smite ; but occasionally S^p, ne ff a, contact ; inilSH, c^a66«raA, or m'3n, chaburdh, a bn/ise; riSIPil'Q, mahalummdh, a stroke ; /laiXwXj o wale ; TrXijyi], a v-oimd), a blow inflicted as a judicial pun- ishment, usually with a rod. See Bastinado. Among the Hebrews, to be beaten with stripes was a theocratic form of punishment for offences of the less heinous kind. It was left to the judges \vhen to inflict them, and how many to give — limiting them, how- ever, to forty as the greatest number that could be inflicted for a single offence (Deut. xxv, 1-3). To be sure that the pun- ishment was kept within the bounds of the law, the custom was to give forty save one (2 Cor. xi, 24). The offender, when receiving them, was laid prostrate on the ground, and the whip was applied to his back uncovered. Many allu- sions are made to this form of chastisement, as a symbol of primitive dealing or disci- plinary correction generally ( Prov. xvii, 26 ; xx, 30 ; Psa. Ixxxix, 32), See Punish- ment. Stromata CSTpiofiaTa, miscellanies') is the most important work of Clement (q. v.) of Alexandria, of which the full title is Gnostic Dissertations concerning the True Philosophy. This work is designed to show, in opposition to the Gnostics, that Christians had their secret and deep mysteries, and were, in fact, the only people who deserve the name of Gnostics, as being alone truly learned on these subjects. For a full analysis of the work, see Riddle, Christ. A ntiq. p. 97-107.
Strong, Cyprian, D.D., a Congregational minis- ter, was born at Farmington, Conn., May 26, 1744 (O. S.). He graduated at Yale College, 1763, entered the minis- try Oct. 7, 1766, and was ordained, Aug. 19, 1767, pastor in Portland, Conn., where he remained until his death, in 1811. He published,^ Discouise on Acts »7, 42, in which the Practice of Owning the Covenant is Particu- larly Examined (1780) : — A nimadversions on the Sub- stance of Two Sermons Preached at Stepney by John Lewis, A.M., entitled " Chi'isiian Forbearance to Weak Consciences a Duty of the Gospel" (1789) : — Aii Inquh-y v^herein the End and Design of Bnj^tism, etc., are Partic- ularly Considered ami Illustrated (1793): — A Second Inquiry into the Nature and Design of Christian Bap- tism ( 1796 ) ; and several occasional Sermo7is. See Sprague, Annals of the Amer, Pulpit, i, 651.
Strong, John D., a Presbyterian minister, was born at Kockaway, N. J., Jan. 26, 1821. He prepared for college at Millville Academy, N. Y., graduated at Williams College, Mass., in 1848, and at Auburn Theo- logical Seminary, N. Y., in 1851 ; was licensed by Cayu- ga Presbytery in 1850, and soon after leaving the sem- inary he went out West and preached at Fort Madison, la. He afterwards became pastor successively of the Stone Church, Iowa City , Springfield, la. ; Fairplay,
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Jamestown, Lowville, and Leeds, Wis. lie died Jlay 14, 1859. During his ministry two churches were or- ganized under his care, and many revival seasons were granted in answer to his»prayers and labors. See Wil- son, Presh. Hist. A Imanac, 18G0, p. 122. (.1. L. S.)
Strong, Jonathan, D.D., a Congregational min- ister, was born at Bolton, Conn., Sept. 4, 17t)4. He grad- uated at Dartmouth College in 1786, and was ordained, Jan. 28, 1789, colleague pastor in Randolph, IMass., where he remained until his death, Nov. 9, 1814. He pub- lished. An Oration on the Fourth of Jul// (1810): — several occasional Sermons: — besides articles in the Panoplist and other magazines. See Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, ii, 275.
Strong, Nathan, D.D., a Congregational minister, was born at Coventry, Conn., Oct. If), 1748. He gradu- ated at Yale College in 1769, was appointed tutor in 1772, and was ordained, Jan. 5, 1773, pastor of the First Church, Hartford, where he remained until the close of life, Dec. 25, 1816. He published. The Doctrine of Eternal Af in- ert/ Consistent ivith the Infinite Benevolence of God (1796) : —two volumes of Sei-mons (1798, 1800). In 1799 he was the principal compiler of the Hartford Selection of Hymns, a number of them written by himself; and in 1800 he was the originator of the Connecticut Evangel- ical Magazine. A number of occasional Sermons were also published by him. See Sprague, Annuls of the Amer. Pulpit, ii, 34.
Strong, Paschal Nelson, a minister of the (Dutch) Reformed Church, was born at Setauket, L. I., in 1793. He was a lineal descendant of John Strong, the first ruling elder in the Church of Northampton, Mass., who came to this country in 1630. At thirteen years of age he entered Columbia College, and graduated with the highest honors in 1810. He studied theology with Dr. J. M. Mason, and was licensed in 1815 by the Presbytery of New York. He and his classmate, Rev. John Knox, were immediately called as colleague pas- tors of the Church in New York, with Drs. Kuyper and Milledoler, and were ordained and installed together by the Classis of New York, July 14, 1816. His ministry was brief, but brilliant, popular, and powerful. He was an eloquent preacher, a fine classical and exegetical scholar, evangelical in sentiment, and characterized by deep personal piety and faithful pastoral service. A pulmonary disease, for which an ocean voyage and a visit to the West Indies brought no relief, ended his days, April 7, 1825, in the island of St. Croix, where his grave and monument still are. His death was peaceful and happj'. His only publication was a sermon, which attracted much attention at the time, preached Nov. 17, 1822, after the yellow fever of that j-ear in New York, and entitled The Pestilence a Punishment for Public Sins. He possessed fine executive talents, and it was chiefly through him that the Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church was orgamzcd. See Life of Dr. Livingston, p. 399, 400; Sprague, Annals of the Amer. Pulpit, IX, ii, 191 ; Corwin, Manual of the Ref Ch. p. 224. {\\\ J. R. T.)