Stuart, Henry B. M. C, duke of York and car- dinal, grandson of James II of England, was born in Rome, March 6, 172.'), and after the battle of CuUoden, which was lost by his elder brother, A(iril 27, 1746, he entered the ecclesiastical ranks. Benedict XIV gave him the purple, Jidy 3, 1747, and afterwards the arch- bishopric of the Latcran and several other dignities. To these Clement XIII addetl other oflices which yield- ed hira rich revenues. But the French Revolution stripped him of all these, and he even sold his family jewels in aid of pope Pius VI. George HI of England gave hirn a pension of four thousand pounds, which he retained till his death, at Frascati, July 13, 1807. To him are attributed Constitutiones Synodales Kcclesice Tusculanm (Rome, 1764) and .Appendix ud Tusculatiam Synodum (ibid. 1764), which, however, are really the works of the Jesuit Stefanucci. With this prince- prelate the royal house of Stuart became extinct.
Stuart, Moses, a learned Congregational divine, was born at Wilton. Conn.. Alarch 2(!, 1780. He early began to develop a taste for books, reading Edwards On the Will when he was oidy twelve years of age. At the age of fifteen he was sent to an academy in Nor- walk. Conn., and entered the sophomore class of Yale College in May, 1797, graduating with the highest hon- ors of his class in 1799. The year after he spent teach- ing in an academy at North Fairtield, Conn., and dur- ing a ])art of the year following he was principal of a high-school in Danlmry. He was admitted to the bar in 1802 at Danbnry, but the week iirevious had been chosen tutor in Yale, which position he accepted. Dur- ing his tutorship, desirous of procuring an appropriate work on the Sabbath, Mr. Stuart borrowed of the pres- ident Macknight's work On the Epistles, the perusal of which awakened him to s|iiritiial things and resulted in his conversion. In the early |)art of 1803 he coimected himself with the Church in Yale College, began to study theology under president Dwight, and was soon after licensed to preach by the New Haven Association. He was ordained pastor of the Church in New Haven for- merly served by Dr. Dana, March 5, 1806. On Feb. 28, 1810, he was inaugurated professor of sacred literature at Andover, and continued in the active discharge of his duties luitil 1«48, when he resigned in consequence of advancing age. After this, however, his mind re- tained its wonted activity, and he published two or three works requiring minute and profound Biblical investigation. Taking his daily walk, he fell, fractur- ing the lione of his wrist. He afterwanis took a severe colli, which passed into a typhoid fever and issued in death, Jan. 4, 18.r2. Mr. (for he refused the title of Dr.) Stuart's life was one of incessant labor, devoted chiefly to Biblical literature. In this he led the way in Ills own coimtry with most happy results. His own contributions to sacred learning are very valuable; but perhaps he did even more by the iinjiulse he gave to Itiblical study, and the sound principles of Biblical ex- egesis which he instilled into the minds of his younger brethren, especially in America, than by the works which he himself pidilishcd. His chief writings are, a Gram- mar of the llihnir [.{inijuiiiie (1H13; of which a 5th cd. appeared at Oxford in 1H3K): — a Ihhrnr Chnstomathy {\KV1):— Course of Hebrew Study (IH30):— a Grammar of the Xew Test. /Jialecl (2d ed. 1841): — Commeulai-y on the Epistle to the lltbrevs (1827, 2 vols.; reprinted, Lond. 1S28):— On the Epintle to the Iioman.1 (1832; London, 1833) :— Ort the Apocalypse (1845; Edinb. 1847):— On
STUBBLE
1068
STUDITES
Daniel {\8b\) -.—Ecclesiasteg (l8bl):—Prorerhs (1852): Critical Jlisloi-y and Defence of the Old- Test. Cation (1845):— .4 Scriptural View of the Wine Question {\S-\»): —Sermons (1S10-4G). He was also a large contributor to the Biblical Repository anil the BibUotheca Sacra, A monument has been erected to his memory at Andover, on which he is styled " the father of IJiblical science in his native country." See Sprague, Annals of the A mer. Pulpit, ii, 475 ; Park, Funeral Discourse (1852) ; Meth. Quar. Per. April, 1852 ; Christian Review, April, 1H52; Journ. of Sac. Lit. Jan. 1853.
Stubble is the rendering in the A. V. of two Heb. and one Gr. word : 1. Usually d|5, leash (which is inva- rial)ly so rendered), so called from its dryness, which de- notes the drj' halm of grain, partly as left standing in the fields (Exod. v, 12), and then sometimes burned over (xv, 7; Isa. v, 24; xlvii, 14; Joel ii, 5; Nah. i, 10; Obad. 18), and partly as broken up inio chaff by treading out the grain, and so separated by ventila- tion (Job xiii, 25; xli, 20 [28]; Psa. Ixxxiii, 24; Isa. xl, 24; xli, 2; Jer. xiii, 24). Sec Chaff. 2. Once "3P, teben (Job. xxi, 18), properly straw, as used for l)rovender. See Straw. 3. Once KaXafil} (1 Cor. iii, 12), which denotes in general the stalk of grain after the ears are removed ( Xenoph. Ver. v, 18 ; Sept. for C;?, Exod. XV, 7 ; Joel ii, 5). In Egypt the reapers only cut «ff the ears of the corn with the sickle, leaving the straw, which they deemed worthless, to rot on the ground. Hence when the cruel Pharaoh commanded the Hebrew brickmakers to gather straw for themselves (Exod. V, 12), though guilty of excessive tyranny, he did not, as some have supposed, ordain a physical im- possibility. See Bkick.