SURETY. In the ancient Church the clergy were forbidden to be bondsmen or sureties for any other man's appearance in court, because it was thought that ■ such sort of encumbrances might bring detriment to the Church in distracting her ministers from constant attendance upon divine service.
Surin, Jean Joseph, a French ascetic writer, was born at Bordeaux in 1600, entered the Order of the Jes- uits at fifteen years of age, and soon distinguished him- self by his profound piety and knowledge of human nature. In 1634 he was sent to take charge of the Ur- suline convent in London, and began a series of exor- cisms against the evil spirits supposed to prevail there, but eventualh' became himself the victim of the demo- niacal possession, and was required to return to Bordeaux. In 1637 he again went to London, and remained there, with partial seasons of lucidity, for many years, but was at length removed from place to place in hopes of relief. He recovered his sanity in 1658, and died at Bordeaux, April 21, 1665, leaving several works on practical relig- ion, which are enumerated in Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Gene- rale, s. V.
Surinam (Xeffi-o-Enr/Hsh) Version. Negro-Eng- lish, or, as it might be designated with equal propriety.
Negro-Dutch, is the language of the Dutch colon}' of Surinam, in (Jiii/ma, and is current among a population of at least 10(),(I()U people. Ever since 1738 there has existed in Surinam a mission of the United Brethren. The language is a compound of English and Dutch, with a sprinkling of Spanish, Portuguese, French, anil African or Indian words. Prior to the year 1813, the greater part of the New Test, was translated into that language. In 1828 Moravian missionaries completed a version of the entire New Test. The MS. Avas sent to Germany, and was revised by Hans Wied, who for up- wards of twenty years had resided in Surinau), and who ex|)ressed the opinion that the translation was "as per- fect as possible." With the aid of the British and For- eign Bible Society, an edition of 1000 copies was printed in London. Tliis edition was soon exhausted, and, as a result of these publications, more than 12,000 con- verts were added to the Church. Another edition of the New Test, and Psalms was prepared by the ]\Iora- vian missionary Treu, and, with the aid of the Neth- erlands and the British and Foreign Bible societies, 2000 copies were printed in 1846. Whether the Old Test, has been translated and printed, we are not able to sa\'. (B. P.)
Surius, Lauren'tius, a Carthusian monk, was the child of Lutheran, or, as others say, of Romish parents. He was born at Lnbeck in 1522, and educated at Frauk- fort-on-the-Oder and at Cologne. At the latter place he became acquainted with Canisius (q. v.), and joined the Roman Catholic Church. In 1542 he entered the Carthusian Order and devoted himself to monastic as- ceticism and literarv labor. He displayed both zeal for Romanism and hatred for the Reformation, whose lead- ers he charged with having borrowed their doctrines from Mohammed. Besides translating various mystical writings by Tauler, Ruj'sbroeck, Suso, etc., Surius com- posed a Comment alius Brevis Reriun in Orbe Gestarum ah Anno 1500 (Lov. 1506). This book was designed to oppose the famous Protestant work by Sleidan (q. v.), but was devoid of any particidar value ; but it was, nev- ertheless, carried forward by Isselt and others to 1673. Additional works by Surius are, Homilice sire Condones Pra>.<t<uiti.<siiiiorvm Ecd. Ihictorum, etc. (Col. 1569-76). — Concilia Omnia, etc. (ibid. 1567): — and Vitm Sanc- torum ab A lo;jsio Lipomunno olim Conscriptce (ibid. 1570-76, 6 vols, fol.), which was repeatedly reprinted, the best edition being that of Cologne, 1618. A seventh vol. was added after the death of Surius bj' the Carthu- sian Jacob Mosander. Surius died May 23, 1578. See Biog. Unicerselle, torn, xliv (Par. 1826) ; and Herzog, Real-EncyMnj-). s. v.
Sui'let (de Chokier), the name of an old French family, which dates from the year 1170, and culminated in the person of Fastre Bare de Surlet, who died about 1473. The emperor Ferdinand II ennobled the family of Surlet in 1630 with the title de Chokier. The follow- ing members deserve mention here:
1. Jean, born at Liege, Jan. 14, 1571, studied at Lou- vain, and took his degrees at Orleans. He became can- on of St. Lambert, abbe of St. Hadelin of Yise, and vicar- general of the diocese of Liege, where he distinguished himself by his zealous charity and erudition. He dieil about 1655, leaving several works on ecclesiastical mat- ters, for which see Hoefer, Nouv, Biog. Generale, s. v.
2. Jean Eknest, nephew of the preceding, became canon of Liege and abbe of Vise. He founded the house of the Incurables and that of the Filles Eepenties at Liege, and died about 1C)83.
3. Jean Frederic, uncle of Jean, was a learned can- on of Liege, who wrote Enchiridion Prcecationum (Liege, 1636), and died March 15, 1635.
Surname. Names were at first expressive, as those of Scripture. According to Du Cange, surnames were originally written, not after the Christian-name, but above it, and so were ^^ siipenwmina" — overnames. The first or Christian name is usually given at bap-
SURPLICE
38
SUSANNA
tism. Hereditary surnames did not exist in England till after the Xorman Ci>n(iiicst. They are taken from locality, as Field or I'urcst ; from occupation, as Fisher or Miller, Piliiriin or I'ahner; from personal qualities, as Hlack or Brown; from natural objects, as Lemon or Lamb, Peel or Hog, Steel or Jewel, etc. As distinct from the surname, the sirname or sirc's-name is a natural addition, with son, IVIac, or Fitz, (), ap, wich, or sky (all signifying son), as Donaldson or Macdonald, Fitzgerald, (VConnell, Alexandrowich, Petrousky — ap llowel be- coming Powel, and ap Hichard becoming Prichard.