G'J. D^T^, Yadatm, or h<in(1.<:, in four chapters, treats of the washing of hands before eating bread, though dry fruits are allowed to be eaten without such washing: a. ri"i3!^m "i?a, how much water is required for ablution of the hands; what kind of water; of the vessels for the same ; who may pour it out (5 sections). 6. Hi b'^Z, of the two ablutions whereby the unclean first water is wash- ed away; how the ablution must take place (4 sections). ,.. C'^jr'Cri, whether and how the hands l)econie nnclean in the first degree, and how iu the second ; whetlier and how far the touching of straps of iihylncteries and of holy writings defiles (5 sections), rf. DT^Q 13, of soiue special discussions ; of the defilement by the Chaldce in the Bible, and of the Assyrian ; disputes between the Pharisees and Sadducees (7 sections).
63. ''''Sp^y ,rkatsin, or stalks of fruit which convey un- cleanness, in three chapters: a. Xin"i"?2, of the difference between the stalks and husks of frnits ((! sections), b. Vi'^D'J C^riT, what is added to the whole from stones, husks, leaves, etc. (10 sections), c. "pri"i:£ C, of differ- ent classes of things, how and when they are apt to ab- sorb an uncleanness (12 sections).
In addition to the treatises which compose the Ge- mara, there are certain minor ones which are coimected with it as a kind of Apocrypha or appeiidi.x, under tiie title of Mesiktoth Ketanoth (PI D ^2 p mrz 0 "C), or small- er treatises. These are :
1. D'^^lS'lD, Sophcrim, concerning the scribe and reader of the law (21 chapters). This treatise is important for the Masorah. A separate edition, with notes, wasiiub- lished by J. M filler (Leips. 187S). See also the art. So-
rUEKIM.
2. n^D, KaUah, relates to marriages (1 chapter).
3. mn^o xnp;n "^ran '^■zii, Ebei rMbbatJu, or se-
macholh, concerning the ordinances for funeral solemni- ties (14 cha|)ter8).
4. V~i N T"!"!, Derek Erets, on social duties (11 chapters).
5. XlilT VI X ""n, Derek Erets Suta, rules for the learned (10 chapters).
6. cb'i'n p'lS, Perek ha-fihalom, on the love of peace (1 chapter).
7. D'^"l5, Gerim, concerning proselytes (4 chapters).
8. C^niD, Kuthim, concerning Samaritans (2 chapters).
9. C'lH", A badim, concerning slaves (3 chapters).
10. r'^^I^S, Tsitsith, concerning fringes (1 chapter).
11. "|"'b"'Sn, Tephillin, concerning phylacteries (1 chap- ter).
12. t^'{y\'0,Mezuzah, concernlug the writing on the door- post (2 chaiJters). See art. Mezuzau.
13. niiri "ISO, Sc/)/ier!r/ioraA, concerning the writing of the law (5 chapters).
Nos. 7-13 were published together by R. Kirchheim, un- der the tit le Heptem Libri Tahnudici I'arvi (Frankf.-on-the- Maiu, 1851).
To these treatises are sometimes added :
14. bs<"lir^ 'r"l5< ^^zbT^,HilkntkEretltTlirael,re\a^Ul^ to the ways of slaughtering animals for food after the Jewish ideas, a treatise which is much later than the Tal- mud.
15. ■|r3 "^-"11 max, Aboth di-Rabbi Sathan, a com- mentary on or amplification of the treatise Aboth (21 chap- ters). For the author of this treatise, see the art. Natuan ua-Bahi.i.
Ai-rnAm:Tio.\t. List of the Differhnt Treatises as Found in tuk Bauvlonian Talmud.
Tlie first column gives the names of the trentiseB ; the aecmld indicates the volume of the Tulmuii wliere the treatises may lie tound ; the third shows the Seder or division under which tliej- are given ; and the Juurlh the numerical order in which thev stand in tlie Mishna.
Name.
Vol. 1
Division.
Treatise.
Aboth
IX VIII
VII
X
I
HI
I III
I XI
I
IX
XI
III
VI IX
XII XI V
I
XI
I
IX Xli IV XI
XII X
III
VI XII
I
XII
I
HI IV IX
II
IV
1
IX VI IV
XII XI
I
XII
V
IV
XII
X
10 9 3 1 2 4 1 7
11
12 9 2 3 7 5 2 4 8 1 8 2 3 4
11 7 8 5 9
10 7
10 6 3
11 6 5 3 7 2
10 4 2 3 8 4 1 4 6 6 7 0 9 5 9 6 6
10
12
11 1 5 9 1
Aboda Zarah
Bal)a Bathra
" Kamnia
" Metsiah
11
11
11
Beiakolli , .
Bezah
Bikkiirim
t.'haLri'_'ah
Chailah
Mocd
M.-.eri
Choliu
Kodashim
Zeraim
Edayoth
Moed
Gittin
Taharolh
Nashim
Zeraim
Kodashim
Kilayira
Maaser Sheni
Makkoth
Nezikin
Tabaioth
Megillah
Mocd
Kodashim
Meil.\h
Middoth
Taharolh
Moijd Katon
Nazir
Moed
Taharoth
Niddah
Ohaloth
11
Uriah
Parah
Peah
Taharoth
Moed
Rosh llash-shauah .
Nezikin
Moed
Shabbalh
Shebiith.
Sotah
Snkkah
'I'aanith
Moud
Taharoth
Teriimoth
Zeraim
Taharoth
Tibbul Yom
rkal;sin
11
Moed
Taharoth
Kodashim
Having given an analysis of the contents of the Tal- mud, we will now give a specimen of its text, wliich will present to the reader a faint idea of the mode of procedure as we find it in that wonderful work.
We open the very first page of the Talmud, the trea- tise Berukoth, on blessings, commencing T/C^S".
Minima. — "At what time iu the evening should one say the Shema ? From the time that the priests go in to e.it of their oblation till the end of the first night-watch. The^e are the words of the rabbi Eliezer; bnt the wise men say until niidiiii.'ht. Rabban Gamaliel says till the morning dawn ariseth. It came to pass that his sons were reluming from a least: they said unto hiiu, 'We have not yet re- cited the Sliema.' He answered and said unto them, 'If the morning da wu has not yet arisen, ye are under ohliiia- tion to recite it.' And not this alone have they said, bnt everywhere where the wise have said 'until mid- iiieht,' the command is binding till the morninsr dawn a^i^elh ; and the bieaming of the fat aud of the joiuis is