In the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States, canon 19 of 1882, "of the titles of those who are to be ordained priests," declares —
"No person shall be ordained priest unless he shall produce to the bishop a satisfactory certificate from some church, parish, or conirregation that he is engaged with them, and that they will receive him as tlieir ihiuister; or unless he be a missionary under the ecclesiastical author- ity of the diocese to wliich he belongs, or in the employ- ment of some missionary society recognised by the Gen- eral Convention ; or unless he be engaged as a professor, tutor, or instructor of youth in some college, academy, or other seminary of learning duly incorporated" {Diijcst of the Canons, p. 2(i).
See Ellen, T/icoL Did. s. v. ; Hook, Chnrch Did. s. v.
Tittle (diminutive oUit), an old English word sig- nifying the merest trifle (see Pliimptre, Bible Educator, iv, 211), is used in the A. V. (Matt, v, 18; Luke xvi, 17) as a rendering for Ktpaia, n lilile horn, hence & point (e.g. of a sailyard. Lncan, Xan;/. 4; Polyb. xiv, 10, 11; Of an island, Philostr. Vit. Soph, i, 21, 2); in the New Test, the apex of a Heb. letter, such as distin- guishes T from *1, 3 from 2, i. e. the slightest distinc- tion (so Philo, in Flacc. p. 984 b). See Jot.
Tittmaian, Johann August Heinrich, a Ger- man divine, was burn at Langensalza. Aug. 1. 1773. He studied at Wittenberg and Leipsic, and in 179(5 became one of tlie theological professors in the latter of these universities. He died Dec. 30, 1831. His writings are numerous, and belong to various departments of sacred science. The following onlv need to be specified here: rhi'ol,,;,. Encyklop. (1798) -.-De S>/noni/mis X. T. (1829), the second part of wliich was edited alter his death by Bccher (1832); the whole, with some appended disser- tations, translated into English by Craig ( Edinb. Bib. Cdbinet [1833-37, 2 vols.]): — and his edition of the (Jreek New Test., "ad (idem optimonmi librorum re- cens." (1820-24). His polemical writings, in which he labors to reconcile theology with philosophy, and to de- fend evangelical truth against rationalism, are the most valu d)le productions of bis pen.
Tittmann, Karl Christian, father of the preced- ing, was born at tJrossbardau, near Grimma, Aug. 20, 1744. He was appointed deacon at Langensalza in 1770, professor of theology and provost at Wittenberg in 1775, and general superintendent there in 1784. In 1789 he was made Kirchenrath and superintendent at Dresden, and died there, Dec. G, 1820. He was a man of cultured and elegant rather than powerful mind, and was deeply imbued witli pious feeling and evangeli- cal sentiment. Tiie.se characteristics are apparent in his Mdetemuta Sacra sive Comment. Execjetico-crit.- dogmaticiis in Emimj. .Toannis (Lips. 1 8 Hi), a work full of good thoughts, good sen.se, and genuine piety, but de- ficient in critical acumen and exegetical ability. It has been translated into English, and forms 2 vols, of the Kdinh. Hib. (Aibinet. In his Opusciila Theolofjica (1803) are some dissertations of an exegetical character. Per- haps his best work is his Tractatus de Veslir/iis Gnosti- roriim in X. T. J'rnsira Quiesilis ( Lips. 1773 ). See Kit to, Cijchtp. s. V.
Titular Bishops are bishops with no stated charge, but who .are liishdps in purtibus injidelinm. The custom arose in tlie 12tli and 13th centuries in the assigning of bishops to those parts which, though once Christian- izeil, had at length fallen under Saracen dominion. The
Church of Rome adopts the same custom, and has bish- ops of Tarsus, Ephesus, .\leppo, etc. This Church has 229 titulars. The primitive Church made it a law that no one should be ordained at large, but shoidd have a specitic charge. "This rule concerned bishops as well as the inferior clergy ; for the nullatenenses of later ages, as Panormita calls titular and Utopian bishops, were rarely known in the jtrimitive Church."
Titiilus, the Latin name given to early churches, as if in contradistinction to the marii/ria, or those erect- ed over the graves of martyrs. See M.viiTYK; Mexsa. The tituli of the Middle Ages were parish churches un- der the care of presbyters, who took their titles frotn them. Why they were called tilidi is not exactly agreed among learned men. Baronius says that it is because they had the sign of the cross upon them, by which sign or title tliej' were known to belong to Christ. See TiTLK.
Ti'tus (Graicized TiVof, a common Latin name, e.g. of the celebrated Roman emperor whose triumphal arch [q. v.] still stands in Rome; once in the Apocrypha [2 Mace, xi, 34] of a Roman ambassador to the Jews [see MANi.if.s]), a noted Christian teacher, and fellow-labor- er of Paul. He was of (ireek origin (possibly a native of Antioch), but was converted by the ai)ostle, who therefore calls him his own son iu the faith ((Jal. ii, 3; Tit. i, 4). This is all that we know of his early history, 'i'he following account of his later movements and of the epistle to him is taken chiefly from Howson's article in Smith's Diet, of the Bible, s. v.
1. Sources of Infornuition. — Our materials for the bi- ography of this companion of Paul must be drawn en- tirely i'rom tlie notices of him in the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, the (ialatians, and to Titus himself, combined with the Second Epistle to Timothy. He is not mentioned in the Acts at all. The reading Tiroi* 'lovnrov in Acts xviii, 7 is too precarious for any infer- ence to be drawn from it. Wieseler, indeed, lays some slight stress upon it' [Chronol. des apost. Zeit. [(iott. 1848], ]). 204), but this is in connection with a theory which needs every help. As to a recent hypothesis that Titus and Timothy were the same person (King, Who was St. Titus'? [Dublin, 1853]), it is certaiidy in- genious, but quite untenable (see 2 Tim. iv, 10). The same may be said of the suggestion of Miircker (Mei- ning. 18(;1), that Titus of the ejiistles is the same per- son with .Silvanus, or Silas, of the Acts, although there is nothing that absolutely forbids such an identification.