Travis, George, an English clergyman, was a na- tive of Roy ton, Lancashire, and was educated at St. John's College, Oxford. He became vicar of Eastham and rector of Hendley, Cheshire; prebendary of Chester in 1783; and archdeacon <if Chester in 178G. He died Feb. 24, 1797. He published, Letters to Ediiuird Gibbon, etc., in defence of 1 John 5, 7 (Chester, 1784, 4to; cor- rected and enlarged, 1794, 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A uthors, s. v.
Treasure (prop. "^^N, to hoard, Bijffm'poc), in Scripture signifies anything collected together in stores, e. g. a treasure of corn, of wine, of oil ; treasures of gold, silver, brass; treasures of coined money. Snow, winds, hail, rain, waters, are in the treasuries of (iod (Psa. cxxxv, 7; Jer. Ii, IG). We read also of a treasure of good works, treasures of iniquity, to lay up treasures in heaven, to bring forth good or evil out of the treasures of the heart. Joseph told his brethren, when they found their money returned in their sacks, that God had given them treasures (Gen. xliii, 23). The kings of Judah had keepers of their treasures, both in city and country ( 1 Chron. xxvii, 25; 2 Chron. xxxii, 27, etc.), and the places where these magazines were laid up were called treasure-cities. Pharaoh compelled the Hebrews to build him treasure -cities, or magazines (Exod. i, 11). The word treasures is often used to ex- press anything in great abundance, "In Jesus Christ
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are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge" (Col. ii, 3). The wise man says that wisdom contains in its treasuries undcrstandiui;-, ttie knowledge of re- ligion, etc I'aul (Knin. ii. r> ) speaks of heaping up a treasure of wralli against the day of wrath; and the prophet Amos says (iii, 10) they treasure up initpiity, they lay up iniquity as it were in a stureliouse, which will bring them a thousand calamities. The treasures of impiety or iniciuity (I'rov. x, 2) express ill-gotten riches. The treasures of iniipiity, says the wise man, will eventually bring no jirolit ; and, in the same sense. Christ calls the riches of ini(iuily mammon of unright- eousness, an estate wickedly ac(|uired (Luke xvi, 9). Gospel faith is tlie treasure of the just; but Paul says, " We have this treasure in earthen vessels" (2 Cor. iv, 7). Isaiah says of a good man, "The fear of the Lord is his treasure" (xxxiii, (i). — Calmet. On the Scripture allusions to " liid treasures*" see Thomson, Land iind Book; i, 195 sq.; Freeman, Hand-book of Bible Manners, p. 350 sq. See Store.
Treasurer (technically Heb. and Chald. "^3^5, f^tz- Mr, Ezra i, 8; vii, 21; Chald. also 13"Iii, ffidbdr, Dan. iii, 2, 3; improp. "3D, sok-cn, Isa. xxii, 15, an associate, i. e. the king's intimate friend), an important officer in all Oriental courts. See King. In Dan. iii, 2, 3, the Chald. "i.'r5"i~N, adurr/azcr (Sept. Tvpavvoc, A. V. "judge"), occurs among the titles of Babylonian royal officers, and has (perhaps from the resemblance of the word to the Greek y«wn) been thought by some to mean the officers of the Turkish court and government, now called defterdars, who have the charge of the re- ceipts and disbursements of the public treasury. Ge- senius and others conceive that the word means chief- judges (from "nX, mar/nifcenf, and "pTin, deciders); but Dr. Lee seems to prefer seeking its meaning in the Persian adar, tire, and f/aza?; passing; and hence con- cludes that the adarguzerin were probably officers of state who presided over the ordeals by fire, and other matters connected with the government of Babylon. See Judge.
TREASURER, Ecclesiastical, the keeper of the treasures, e. g. the muniments, sacred vessels, relics, and valuables of a church, cathedral, or religious house. He was known by different names; sacrist, from having charge of the sacristy; cellarer, as providing the eiicha- ristic elements and canonical bread and wine; matrictilar, as keeper of the inventory; consfre in France and Ger- many; custos and cimeliarch in Italy; and in the Greek scenophylax. The custos had charge of all the contents of the Church, but at length became superintendent of deputies, discharging his personal duties, and at last took the title of treasurer, as having charge of the relics and valuables of the Church. He is the Old-English cyrcward and medireval perpetual sacristan, and now represented by the humbler sexton. Every necessary for the Church and divine service was furnisiied by him. The old title of custos descended before the 13tli century to his church-service.
In order the treasurer usually succeeded the chan- cellor, and had a stall appointed to himself. His dig- nity was. founded at York in the 11th century; at Chichester, Lichfield, Wells, Hereford, St. Paul's, in the 12th; and at St. David's and Llandaff in the loth. It has been commonly iireserved and exercised since the Reformation, both in l^iglish colleges and cathedrals, but has fallen into disuse at York, Lincoln, and Lichfield, and at Exeter, Llandaff, and Amiens is held by the bishop.
The monastic treasurer, or bursa?; received all the rents, was auditor of all the officers' accoimts, paymas- ter of wages, and of the works done in the abbey. — Lee, Gloss. ofLiturff. Terms, s. v. ; AN'alcott, Sac. A rckceol. s. v.
Treasury (usually "i:j''S, otsch; a collection, often rendered "treasure;" sometimes Heb. CTDS, .^ewHSin? [Esth. iii, 9; iv, 1], or Chald. 'pt;:;, gi7izin [Ezra v,