Tremellius, EM3iAN.rEL, a learned Protestant di- vine, was liorn at Ferrara in 1510. By birth a Jew, he w.is educated in tiie Jewish faith; but he was convert- ed to Christianity by the teachinij, it is said, of cardi- nal I'ole and ^l. A- Flaminio. 'riirons;h the influence of Teter JJartyr he smjn after joined the Keformatiou party, and became an active propai^ator of their views, ilaviiii;- left Italy, he visited (iermany and Rns;land, where he lived in intimacy with archbisliops Craimier and Parker, and for some time siipportetl himself by teachintj llel)rew at Cambridi;e. On the death of Ed- ward VI he returned to (iermany, where he remained teaching Hebrew at Horiibach and Heidelberg. He ■was next invited to occupy the Hebrew chair at .Sedan, >v here he died in 1 .■>80. 1 1 is works are : Rmlimenta Limj. Ihb. (\Vitte)fb,1541) :— Hi -i-f-n -T3n, Initiatio Elec- torum Domini, a catechism in Hebrew ( Par. 1551, 1552; .Strasb. 1554; Leyd. l.';91) :— 6'ww. Chahl et Si/r., pre- fixed to Interpretatio S>/r. N. T, Ilchraicis Tapis De- scriptn (Par. 1509): — Bihlia Sacra, sire Libh. Canon. Latini recens ex //eh. Facti (Francof. 1579; Lond. 1580). .SeeFiirst, Bibl.Jncl. iii, 443; Kitto, Cyclop.s.v.; Stein- schneider, BibHof/r. //undbtich, p. 140; Kalkar, Israel inid die Kirche, p. 73 sq.; Wolf, Bibl. l/ebr. I, iii, 4, No. 1797: Butters, Emmannel Tremellius (Zweibriicken, 1859); Delitzsch, Haat anf Hoffnunij (Erlangen, 1865), iv, 28 sq.; Da Costa, Israel and the Gentiles, p. 469 sq.; Adams, //iston/ of Ike Jews, ii, 71. (B. P.)
Trench (prop. »l?"ri, tealdh, 1 Kings xviii, 32, 35, 38, a channrl, or "conduit," as eLsewliere), a kind of ditch cut into the cartli for the purpose of receiving and draining tlie water from adjacent parts. Something of this kind was the trench cut by the prophet Elijah to contain the water which he ordered to be poured on his sacrifice (ver. 32), and which, when filled to the brim vvith water, was entirely exhausted, evaporated, by the fire of the Lord which consumed the sacrifice. Sec Elijah.
Trench (5"'n, cheyl, 2 Sam. xx, 1 5, a wall, rampart, or bidwark, as elsewhere rendered; "^vVO, magdl, 1 Sam. ■xxvi, 5, 7; or fhl/.V'C, mar/aluli, xvii, 20, a wagon-r?f^, hence a defence formed by the vehicles of an army; ■<(^apat., Luke xix, 43, a mound [Lat. vallum'] for block- ading a besieged city, formed of the earth thrown out of a moat and stuck with sharp sticks or palisades) is also a military term, and denotes one description of the approaches to a fortified town. They were anciently used to surround a town, to enclose the besieged, and to secure the besiegers against attacks from them. Trenches could not be cut in a rock ; and it is probable that-, when our Lord sajs of .lerusaleni (Luke xix, 43% '•Thy enemies shall cast a trench alxiut thee," meaning, " they shall raise a wall of enclosure," he foretold what the Jews would barely credit from the nature of the case; [)erhaps what they considered as impossible: yet the providence of (iod has so ordered it that we have evidence to this fact in Josephns. who says that Titus exliorting his soldiers, they surrounded Jernsalem with a wall in the space of three days, althongh the general opinion had pronounced it impossible. This circum- vallation prevented any escape from the city, and de- terred from all attempts at relief by succors going into it. See SiKGE.
Trendelenbiarg, Friediich Adolf, a German
philosopher, was born at Eutin, near Lnbeck, Nov. 30, 1802; and was educated at the gymnasium of his native town, and at tlie universities of Kiel, Leipsic, and Ber- lin. From 182l( to 1833 he was private tutor in the family of postmaster-general Von Nagler, and in the latter year was appointed professor extraordinary of |)hilosophy at Berlin. This jiosition was exchanged, in 1837, for that of professor in ordinary. He was elected a member of the Berlin academy in 184(), and was its secretary in the •' liistorico-philosophical" section from 1847 until ills death, Jan. 24, 1.S72. "On that very day the journals annoiniced his decoration by the king as a knight of the Order of JMerit, for his eminence in science and art." " The foundation of Trendelenburg's doctrine is essentially Platonic and Aristotelian." He terms his philosophy the " organic view" of the world ; and accord- ing to it each lower stage in existence is the basis of the higher stages, and necessarily involved in the high- er. The soul is the self-realizing idea of man. God is the unconditioned, not directly demonstrable, but im- plied, with logical necessity, in the whole fabric of the imiverse and of human thought. Among Trendelen- burg's works are. Elementa Loi/ices A ristotelicw (Berlin, 1837; 6th ed. 1868) : — Logische Untersuchnmjen (ibid. 1840 ; 3d ed. 1870) : — Erlduterimrien zu den Elemenlen der aristotelischen Lor/ik (2d ed. 1861): — Naturrecht auf dem Grunde der Ethik (2d ed. 1808). See Bonitz, Zur Erinnerung an F. A. Trendelenburg (Berlin, 1872); Bra- tiischek, Adidf Trendelenburg (ibid. 1873); Prantl, Ge- ddchtnissrede avf F. A. Trendelenburg (Munich, 1873); Ueberweg, /list, of Modern Phil, (see Index).
Trendelenbixrg, Johann Georg, a German pro- fessor of ancient languages, was born Feb. 22, 1757. For a number of years he was professor of languages at the academic gymnasium in Danlzic, where he died jMarch 11, 1825. He published, /'riini I.ibri J/aicabaorum G) fe- ci, Textnscum Versione ISgriaca Collatio /nstituta (reprint- ed in iMchhorn's Rejiertorium, xv, 59) : — Chrestomathia Flaviana, sire Loci Jllustres ex Flavio Josepho Delecli et Aniniadrersionibus Illustrati (Lips. 1789): — Chresto- mathia //exaplaris (ibid. 1794) : — Commentatio in Verba Novissinia Davidis 2 Sam. xxiii, \-~ (Gott. 1779) : — Die ersten Anfangsgriinde der hebr. Sprache (Dantzic, 1784). See Fiirst, Bibl. .Jud. iii, 443 ; Winer, Jlandbuch der theol. /Ateratur,\\,mi. (B.P.)