Tyr'ian (Tf'ptot,-), a native or inhabitant of the city of Tyre (Eccles. xlvi, 18). The corresponding Heb. word C"iis, Tsori) is rendered by the indirect phrase "of Tyre" in the A. V. (1 Kings vii, 14 ; 1 Cliron. xxii, 4; 2 Chron. ii, 14; Ezra iii, 7; Neh. xiii, 16), and .«o likewise the Greek (1 Esdr. v, 55 ; 2 Mace, iv, 10 ; Acts xii, 20).
Tyiimmas, in Greek mythology, was a friend of Ulysses, with whom the latter lived while on his jour- ney from Troy to Epirus to consult the oracle about the war, Tj'rimmas had a beautiful daughter, Erippe, whom Ulysses loved, and by whom he begot a son, Euryalus.
Tyrius (i. e. the Tyrian'), in Greek mythology, was an epithet of Hercules, as adored in Cyprus.
Tyrones Dei (neio soldiers of God), a. name given, in tlie early Church, to catechumens, b)' Tertullian {De Poenitent. c. 6) and Augustine {De Fide ad Catechu- men, ii, 1), because they were just entering upon that state which made them soldiers of God and candi- dates of eternal life. See Bingham, Christ. A ntiq. bk. x, ch.i, § 1.
TyropcBOn (IvpoiroiMv, of the cheese-mahers'), the name of a valley {(papa^) in Jerusalem, mentioned only by Josephus, who says that the city "was built, one quarter facing another, upon two hills, separated by an intervening valley, at which over against each other the houses termiuated." Again, " The valley of the Tyro- pceon, which, I have said, divided the hill of the upper town from that of the lower, extended as far as Siloam, . . . a fountain whose waters are sweet and copious" {War, y, 4, 1). He also tells us that the "other hill, called Akra, which sustained the lower citj^," lay oppo- site to Jloinit jNIoriah, from which it was separated by "another broad valley;" and, further, that the whole, city, situated on these two hills, "la}' over against the Temple in the manner of a theatre" {Ant. xv, 11, 5). Notwithstanding this repeated and seemingly definite notice, the position of the valley is still a matter of dis- pute. Dr, Robinson, in accordance with his theorj' of the site of Akra (q, v.),and of the topography of ancient Je- rusalem in general, maintains that it is the small valley on the north of Zion; and the English engineers have determined that this chasm, although now inconsidera- ble, was formerly much deeper, being filled up with the rubbish of ages. Most archa3ologists, however, have re- garded the "Valley of the Cheesemongers" as identical with the conspicuous and important one leading from the Damascus gate to the Pool of Siloam, whicli in all ages has been the principal drain of the internal waters of the city (Thomson, Laiid and Book, ii, 470; I'ierotti, Jerusalem Restored, i, 19). See Jkklsalem.
TYRRIIEXUS
G22
TZSCIIIRNER
Tyrrhenus, in Greek mythology, was a son of Ik-rciilcs anil Umphale, or a son of Telephiis and Hiera, and a brother of Tarchon; or a son of Atys and Calli- thea, and brother of Lydus. He is said to have intro- duced the use of the ijreat sea-shell as a trumpet. He colonized that part of Italy named after iiim at the time of Ills tiin'ht from Mieonia because of starvation.
Tyrrhus, in ancient Italian mythology, was a chief shepiierd of Latinus, king of Italy. He was the owner of a beautiful tame deer which Silvia nursed, bathed, and ornamented with flowers. The Fury Alecto, sent from Tartarus, chased this deer, so that it came within reach of Ascanius, wiio wounded it, whereupon it fled towards home. The angry shepherd and his sons, and invisibly the Furies also, assembled the neighboring in- habii;aats, and this was [lopularly assigned as the origi- nal cause of the war which ^Eneas was obliged to carry on with the Latiiiians in Italy.
Ty'rus (Tuooq), the Greek form of the name of two places in Palestine.
1. The well-known city of Tyre (q. v.), as the name is usually Anglicized, but '• Tyrus" in the A. V. in certain passages (Jer. xxv, 22; xxvii, 3; xlvii, 4; Ezek. xxvi, 2,3,4,7,15; xxvii, 2, 3, 8, 32; xxviii,2,12; xxix, 1«; Hos. ix, 13 ; Amos i, 9, 10 ; Zech. ix, 2, 3 ; 2 Esdr. i, 1 1 . Judith ii, 28 ; 1 Mace, v, 15 ; 2 Mace, iv, 18, 32, 44, 49).
2. A place described by Joseplius as lying "between Arabia and Judiea, beyond the Jordan, not far from the country of Heshbon," where Hyrcanus built a strong castle, of a sumptuous character, as the centre of his power in that region {Anf. xii, 4, 11). It has been iden- titied in modern times with the magnificent ruins Arak el-Emir, four hours from Hesban, which Tristram mi- nutely describes as corresponding to the statements of the Jewish historian {Land oj' Israel, p. 529).
TYRUS, Ladder of. See Ladder of Tvre.
Tyson, Michael, a learned English divine, was born in the parish of All- Saints, Stamford, Nov. 19, 1740. He was educated at Benedict College, Cam- bridge, where he received his degrees; that of A.B. in 1704, A.M. in 1767, and B.D. in 1775. After taking his bachelor's degree, he was elected a fellow of his college. In 176(5 he travelled with Mr. Gough (afterwards the celebrated antiquarian), and, after his return in the fol- lowing year, was elected a fellow of the Society of An- tiquaries, and in 1769 a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1770 he was ordained deacon at Whitehall Chapel ; and in 1773 received the otfieialty of the archdeaconry of Huntingdon from his father. He was, at the same time, bursar of the college, and succeeded to the cure of St. Benedict's Church, Cambridge. In 1776 he be- came Whitehall preacher, and in the same year was pre- sented by the college to the rectory of Lambourne, near Ongar, Essex. He died May 3, 1780. Air. Tyson wrote an ode On the Birth of the Prince (if Wales, and another. An Oile to Peace. He was also an excellent ilraughts- man and painter. See Chalmers, liioff. Diet. s. v.